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航空运输业是一个资本密集型行业,进入成本较高,比较容易集中。同时各国航空运输业都经历了或者还在经历政府对航空运输业的严格管制,在严格管制条件下,政府对建立航空公司、票价、运力、航线进出等进行严格控制,航空运输业实际上是处于一种“强制性垄断”环境下。恰恰由于政府的控制地位,反垄断就无从谈起。随着1978年发端于美国的放松对航空运输业的管制,在欧美国家,特别是美国如何维持航空运输市场的自由竞争,反对垄断行为、保护消费者利益就显得尤为突出。
Air transport is a capital-intensive industry with high costs and easy concentration. At the same time, the air transport industries of all countries have experienced or are still undergoing stringent government control over the air transport industry. Under strict control conditions, the government strictly controls the establishment of airlines, fares, capacity, and route access. The air transport industry in fact Is in a “mandatory monopoly” environment. It is precisely because of the government’s control over the antitrust that it is impossible to talk about it. With the liberalization of air transport control in the United States in 1978, how Europe and the United States, especially the United States, maintain free competition in the air transport market, oppose monopolistic behavior and protect the interests of consumers is particularly prominent.