名师/状元谈英语学习

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  英语教材改革后,对教师是一次新的挑战。单词量增加,内容超前,更注重学生能力的培养和听说读写的综合运用。作为教师,必须分析,钻研教材,对一些难点,掌握规律,巧编口诀,力争让学生在短时间内掌握得更准,更牢。
  下面,我谈谈在英语中对几个难点的突破。
  一、一般现在时动词(单复数时)的变化
  对于初一学生来说,第一次接触“时态”。能理解好概念,本也不易,为了让更多的学生懂得变化规则,我编了以下口诀:
  面对一般现在时,我们主要看动词
  一二人称和复数,动词一定用原形
  否定主后加don’t,疑问前把do来请
  主语变为三单时,动词用上S型
  否定变为doesn’t, 疑问却把does拧
  doesn’t, does一出现,动词S丢旁边
  动词要用原形现,这点一定记心间
  在一般现在时中,当主语为第三人称单数时(单三时),动词后须加“S”形,所谓动词“S”形,变化规律与名词变复数一样,即:
  1. 在动词尾直接加s:take—takes play—plays help—helps
  2. 以s x ch sh 和o结尾的动词加es.
  guess—guesses catch—catches wash—washes
  3. 以辅音 y结尾的词,变y为i,再加es.
  study—studies carry—carries
  至于如何将单复数主语的句子变否定和疑问句,现举例说明。(用划线部分来显示口诀内容)
  1. Her sister works in a school.
  否定:Her sister doesn’t work in a school.
  问句:Does her sister work in a school?
  2. They go to school every day.
  否定句:They don’t go to school every day.
  问句:Do they go to school every day?
  二、定冠词运用与否规则
  对于以汉语为母语,又刚学英语不久的初中学生来说,要他们准确地掌握定冠词的用法,哪些地方该用,哪些地方不用,也较难。很多资料书上对如何用它,写得较详,我反其道而行之,归纳出不用定冠词的小诗一首:
  季节月份和星期,
  一日三餐玩球棋,
  专有所代一类人(物),
  节假日前全扔去(the)。
  季节:spring,summer,autumn,winter;月份从January,February,March到December 十二个月;星期:Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday。一日三餐breakfast,lunch,supper;球类如football,basketball,volleyball等;棋类如chess等;专有名词如English,America等,以上这几类名词前均不用the。
  “所代”是指名词前有所有格和代词时不用定冠词:
  1. I like this picture better. 我更喜欢这张画。
  2. I don’t have any money. 我没有什么钱。
  3. Remove their bags. 挪走他们的包。
  4. Mike’s bike is nice. 迈克的自行车很好。
  表示某一类人或物前不用定冠词:
  1. Now people are living a happy life. 现在人们都过着快乐的生活。
  2. We must tell friends from enemies. 我们要分清朋友和敌人。
  3. Trees are planted everywhere. 到处都种上了树木。
  节日前不用the:
  1. Children all wear their best clothes on National Day. 在国庆节孩子们都穿上他们的新衣服。
  2. People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. 人们在圣诞节互赠礼物。
  3. In summer holiday, we can play many games. 暑假我们可以做很多游戏。
  以上划线部分的名词表节日,所以要把定冠词“全扔去”。
  三、对划线部分提问规则
  对划线部分提问是英语句型转换题中的一个重点,也是一个难点,学生掌握起来较难。我给学生总结出以下口诀:
  第一步,找准特殊疑问词。
  第二步,提前或加助动词。
  第三步,作变化抄剩余词。
  下面举例子说明这三个步骤:
  1. 找准特殊疑问词。特殊疑问(副、代)词包括:
  who, what, where, which, when, what time, how, how old, how long, how far, how often, how many, how much, how soon, whose ...
  2. 提前或加助动词。
  初中阶段,可以提前变问句的有be动词am,is,are,was,were;情态动词can,could,may,must,will,would,shall,should;助动词(在完成时中)have,has,had。学生要分类别,找规律记住这16个词。
  当句中没有这些提前词时,就看原句的人称、数和时态,分别加上助动词do,did或does。
  3. 作变化,抄剩余词
  作变化,是指主语、动词时态等变化。如I变You,前边加does do,后边动词用原形。并依次抄下变化后没划线的部分。
  (1)He is thirteen years old. (对划线部分提问)
  ①找准疑问词: How old
  ②提前be动词: is
  ③抄剩余词: he
  疑问句:How old is he?
  (2)They went to work yesterday morning.
  ①找准疑问词: When
  ②加助动词:(过去时) did
  ③作变化(went → go)
  并抄剩余词: they go to work.
  疑问句:When did they go to work?
  (3)Her mother goes to school by bike.
  ①找准特殊疑问词: How
  ②加助动词(三单时): does
  ③作变化(goes → go)抄剩余词: her mother go to school
  疑问句:How does her mother go to school?
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