论文部分内容阅读
重庆中梁山岩溶槽谷地区分布有数量众多的岩溶洞穴,重庆师范大学科技考古实验室在2009—2010年对这些洞穴进行了系统调查。在太平洞、黄桷洞等地点,采集到中更新世晚期的东方剑齿象、大熊猫、水鹿、野猪等动物化石,同时获得非常丰富的小型哺乳动物化石。在小型哺乳动物化石中以鼯鼠科化石材料最为丰富,采集到的鼯鼠科化石主要包括4属4种,分别为矮飞鼠属优矮飞鼠(Petinomys electilis)、旧大陆飞鼠属小飞鼠(Petinomys volans)、巨飞鼠属灰鼯鼠(Petinomys xanthotis)、橙足鼯鼠属复齿鼯鼠(Trogopterus xanthipes)。优矮飞鼠化石材料中发现有1件左上颌,改变了此前中国只有该动物下颌骨化石材料的状况。灰鼯鼠的形体偏大,表现出该物种在演化上存在地区差异。中梁山复齿鼯鼠的P4最大,原尖粗壮,中附尖和前附脊发达;腭骨与上颌骨的分界线接近M2的中部,这些特征与中国所发现的复齿鼯鼠化石材料特点一致。中梁山鼯鼠科化石材料兼有北方种与南方印度马来亚种,前者如小飞鼠(Petinomys volans),后者如优矮飞鼠(Petinomys electilis)。这些不同生境的动物种类同时出现于中梁山地区主要有两方面的原因,一方面与当地曾经频繁的冷暖气候更迭有关,一方面也与该地川岭交错、岩溶地貌发育、地形复杂多样的地形环境有关。中梁山丰富的鼯鼠科化石,证明中国西南地区是鼯鼠演化与迁徙交流的重要地区,同时也是欧亚大陆北方动物群与南方动物群重要交流通道。
A large number of karst caves are distributed in the Zhongliangshan karst trough area in Chongqing. S & T laboratories of Chongqing Normal University systematically investigated these caves in 2009-2010. In Taiping Cave and Huangzhu Cave, oriental sword teeth, giant panda, sambar and wild boar were collected from late mid-Pleistocene and were also enriched with small mammal fossils. Among the small mammal fossils, fossil fossils are the most abundant fossil fossils. The fossil fossils include four genera and four species: Petinomys electilis, Petinomys volans, Petinomys xanthotis, and Trogopterus xanthipes. One of the upper left maxillae was found in the fossil materials of the superior auroras, which changed the condition of the fossilized mandibular fossil material in China before. Gray zokor body is too large, showing the evolution of the species there are regional differences. The maximal P4 in Zhongliangshan compound rat was the largest, with the sharp tip, the apical appendage and the anterior attached ridge. The boundary between the palatal bone and the maxillary bone was close to the middle of M2. These characteristics are closely related to the characteristics of the fossil Consistent. The fossil from Zhongliangshan zokor has both northern and southern Indian Malayan species, the former being Petinomys volans and the latter Petinomys electilis. The species of these different habitats simultaneously appear in Zhongliangshan area for two reasons. On the one hand, they are related to the frequent alternation of warm and cold climate in the local area. On the one hand, they are also intertwined with the Kawauchi Ridge, the karst landform is developed, the topography is complex and diverse Environmentally relevant. The abundant fossil fossils in Zhongliangshan prove that southwestern China is an important area for the evolution and migration of zokor and is also an important communication channel between northern fauna and southern fauna in Eurasia.