文章将首先探讨抽象意义上的责任概念,具有两个主要特征:行动者对他们的自由行动和疏忽及其可见的后果负责;监督准则的执行的权威必然担负责任,它们要面对导致某种后果的行动者,并对他施加制裁。此种意义上的责任是对某些行动者的行动和疏忽进行监督的权威所担负的。接着进一步明辨谁是行使这种责任的权威,然后再进一步考察更为具体的职业责任和社会责任问题。科学家和工程师除自己的职业责任之外,还应承担社会责任。 The article first explores the notion of responsibility in abstract sense, which has two main characteristics: actors accountable for their freedom of action and negligence and their visible consequences; the authority that oversees the implementation of norms necessarily assumes responsibility; The consequences of the actor, and imposed sanctions on him. This sense of responsibility rests with the authorities who oversee the actions and omissions of certain actors. Then we further identify who is the authority to exercise such responsibility, and then further examine the more specific issues of professional responsibility and social responsibility. In addition to their own professional responsibilities, scientists and engineers should also assume social responsibility.