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通过构建包含单一供应商、单一制造商与单一零售商的三级供应链模型,在给出均衡解的同时着重考察制造商生产率与供应商成本参数对供应链下中央决策与分散决策绩效差异的影响,并考察这两个参数对不同决策机制下的最优价格、最优产出、最优利润的影响。结果表明中央决策与分散决策的利润差与制造商生产率正相关,而与供应商成本参数负相关;制造商生产率的提高在降低制造商与零售商定价的同时将导致上游供应商提高定价,而各参与成员的定价均与供应商成本参数正相关;制造商生产率的提高将导致制造商的产出增加,而对供应商产出的影响则不确定,但两者的产出均与供应商成本参数负相关,中央决策下亦有类似结论。本文进行的相应的数值分析进一步验证了理论分析的结果。
By constructing a three-level supply chain model consisting of a single supplier, a single manufacturer and a single retailer, this paper gives a balanced solution and at the same time examines the difference between the manufacturer’s productivity and the supplier’s cost parameter on the performance of the central decision-making and decentralized decision-making under the supply chain Influence, and examine the impact of these two parameters on the optimal price, optimal output and optimal profit under different decision-making mechanisms. The results show that the profit difference between central decision-making and decentralized decision-making is positively related to the manufacturer’s productivity and negatively related to the supplier’s cost. The increase of manufacturer’s productivity will lower the price of the manufacturer and the retailer and will lead the upstream suppliers to raise the price. The pricing of each participating member is positively correlated with the supplier cost parameter; the increase of manufacturer’s productivity will lead to the increase of the manufacturer’s output and the uncertainty of the output of the supplier, but the output of both will be related to the supplier The cost parameters are negatively correlated, and similar conclusions are made under the central decision. The corresponding numerical analysis carried out in this paper further validates the theoretical analysis.