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南疆指的是天山以南的塔里木盆地广大地区。在两汉及隋唐时期,南疆是内地汉族人口主要迁入的地区。清前期,中央政府建立各种制度和采取措施,引导、鼓励内地居民向东疆和北疆流动,而对汉族迁入南疆地区并不积极,以致形成汉族北多南少居住格局。近代以后,英、俄西方殖民者对新疆地区渗透和蚕食与南疆社会动荡加深了中国的边疆危机。出于移民实边和稳定社会秩序,清政府逐渐废除了限制汉人流入南疆的禁令,鼓励汉族进入南疆地区。但由于地理、民族等各种因素影响,南疆汉族人口仍旧较少。
Southern Xinjiang refers to the vast area of the Tarim Basin south of the Tianshan Mountains. During the Han dynasties and the Sui and Tang dynasties, southern Xinjiang was the main area where the Han Chinese population moved in. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Central Government established various systems and adopted measures to guide and encourage the flow of mainland residents to the east and north of the country. However, the move to the south of the Han people was not active, resulting in a pattern of less-lived residents in the north and south of the Han Chinese. Since the modern times, the infiltration and erode of Western and British colonialists in Xinjiang and the social unrest in southern Xinjiang have deepened China’s border crisis. Out of immigrants on the solid side and stable social order, the Qing government gradually abolished the ban on Chinese flow into southern Xinjiang, to encourage Han people to enter the southern region. However, due to various factors such as geography and ethnicity, the Han population in southern Xinjiang is still relatively small.