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在全国政协2020年12月31日举行的新年茶话会上,习近平总书记强调要发扬为民服务孺子牛、创新发展拓荒牛、艰苦奋斗老黄牛的精神,在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程上奋勇前进。“三牛精神”的说法既应时应景,又形象生动,顿时在海内外媒体走红,为人们津津乐道。
《新华每日电讯》(Xinhua Everyday Telegraph)2021年1月4日发表“The Spirit of the Ox”(牛的精神)一文,其中引用了习近平总书记首次提出的“三牛精神”:
We must promote the spirit of the ox in serving the people, driving innovative development and working tirelessly. (我們必须发扬为民服务孺子牛、创新发展拓荒牛、艰苦奋斗老黄牛的精神。)
《中国日报》(China Daily)2021年2月11日推出题为“ ‘Three cattle spirit’ steers China to bullish Year of the Ox”(“三牛精神”引领中国进入牛年)的文章,其中提到“三牛精神”时用的是cattle这一集合名词,避免了复数表达的难处:
China is ringing in the Year of the Ox, a new beginning of great significance for both the Chinese people and the Communist Party of China (CPC) that has led the whole nation to overcome many challenges. The new year will also be defined by the “three cattle spirit.”(中国即将迎来牛年,对中国人民和带领整个国家战胜各种挑战的中国共产党而言,这是一个意义非凡的新开端。新的一年也被赋予了“三牛精神”。)
The term first appeared in Chinese President Xi Jinping’s speech at a New Year’s gathering late last December held in Beijing by the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. It was later repeated in his Spring Festival greetings to all Chinese on behalf of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Wednesday.(这个词语首次出现是在去年12月底国家主席习近平在全国政协新年茶话会上的讲话中。这一说法后来又出现在周三习近平以中共中央、国务院的名义向全国人民祝福新春的贺词中。)
As the second sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle of a rotating cast of 12 symbolic animals, the ox, known for its stamina and strength, usually signifies steadfastness, tenacity and dependability in traditional Chinese culture.(中国的十二生肖循环由12个有象征意义的动物按序轮换,牛位列第二,以耐力和力量著称,在中国传统文化中,它通常象征着坚定、坚韧和可靠。)
再看境外媒体的相关报道,同样充满正能量。
《纽约时报》(The New York Times)2021年2月4日刊出一文,题为“Pursuing the Spirit of Niu”(追求牛的精神),记者直接用汉语拼音表示牛,重点诠释了牛的形象和精神:
Niu has been an important force on Chinese farms for thousands of years. Therefore, in Chinese culture, Niu is often used to symbolize a hardworking and trustworthy spirit. There is a famous saying in Chinese—“Although Niu only eats grass, it produces milk”—which praises Niu’s willingness to contribute. In addition, a poem by the 20th-century Chinese writer Lu Xun brings home Niu’s attitude of serving without complaining: “To a thousand pointing fingers I defy with fierce brows, and to younglings I’d be fain to bow and serve as a Niu.” Niu’s qualities—no-complaints, trustworthiness, unselfishness, and willingness to give and serve the people—are exactly the spirit that we should pursue in a time of uncertainty, anxiety, and fear amid the crisis.(几千年来,牛一直是中国农业的重要力量,因此,在中国文化中,牛常被用来表征勤劳守信的精神。中国有一句名言,牛吃的是草,产出的是奶,赞美牛的奉献精神。此外,20世纪中国作家鲁迅的一首诗揭示了牛无怨服务的态度,“横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛”。牛的品格——无怨、可靠、无私,甘愿奉献和为民服务——这些正是我们在充满不确定、焦虑和恐惧的危机时期所应追求的精神。) 土耳其阿纳多卢通讯社(Anadolu Agency)于2021年2月14日刊载了一篇文章,其中也谈到了牛的特性和精神,并指出这些特性和精神在多个国际场合被反复引用:
In the Chinese tradition,this new year has come in the “spirit of the Ox,” a zodiac animal that symbolizes stamina, energy, and dedication.(按照中国的传统,这个新年是秉持着牛的精神来临的,牛是一种生肖动物,象征耐力、能量和奉献。)
This year?s eve was defined as “three cattle spirit”—the term first used by China?s President Xi Jinping at a New Year?s gathering hosted by the CPC?s National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference in Beijing late last December.(今年的除夕被赋以“三牛精神”,这个词语最先是中国国家主席习近平在去年12月北京举行的中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会新年茶话会上提出的。)
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in his message on the occasion said: “I send my best wishes to all, for prosperity, health, and happiness in the Year of the Ox.”(值此之际,联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯在他的致辞中表示:“我向大家致以最良好的祝愿,祝大家牛年兴旺、健康、幸福。”)
《环球时报》(Global Times)海外版2021年2月12日载文,题为“China,US should work together for better shared future in the spirit of OX: Chinese ambassador”(中国大使:中美两国应该携手开创更加美好的未来),崔天凯大使在文中提出要用三种牛的精神来处理中美关系和国际问题:
“In the Chinese culture, the Ox symbolizes stamina, energy and dedication,” Cui said, adding he hopes that “we will show the spirit of the Ox and work together for a better shared future, for the Chinese and American people and people of the whole world.”(崔天凱说:“在中国文化中,牛象征着耐力、能量和奉献。”他希望,“我们发扬‘牛’的精神,为中美两国人们和全世界人民共同创造更加美好的未来”。)
“... let’s bring about post-pandemic recovery and growth with the energy of the Ox,” said Cui. “China will stay committed to the win-win strategy of opening-up and economic globalization, and work with the United States and other countries to inject confidence and energy into the global economy,” he said.(“……以牛之力实现疫情大流行之后的复苏和增长。”崔说,“中国将坚定不移地奉行互利共赢的开放战略和经济全球化战略,与美国和其他国家合作,为全球经济注入信心和活力。”)
“... let’s pool our strength and wisdom for a better future with the dedication of the Ox,” said the ambassador. “Countries need to put aside differences and act with a sense of responsibility and solidarity to tackle an array of global challenges, such as communicable diseases and climate change,” he said.(“……让我们用牛的奉献精神凝聚力量,凝聚智慧,共创美好未来。”这位大使说,“各国应摒弃分歧,以担当责任、团结一致的精神应对一系列全球性挑战,比如传染病和气候变化。”)
春节后第一个工作日(2月18日),中国外交部发言人华春莹也在其推特上用英语对“三牛精神”进行了描述,她把“三牛精神”译成three ox spirit,笔者觉得不够精准。此处不免引发一个问题,是三种牛的精神,还是牛的三种精神?复数很难处理,用在哪个词上?复数spirits在更多的语境中指“酒精”,或指灵魂、情绪等,表示精神时,spirit是不可数名词,应用单数表达。这样的话,倒不如译成three kinds of ox spirit,明示牛的三种精神。或者也可简单译成the spirit of the ox。在推文中,华春莹将“三牛”分别译成三组词:serving-the-people ox(孺子牛)、pioneering ox(拓荒牛)、persisting ox(老黄牛)。别有情趣,可圈可点。
《新华每日电讯》(Xinhua Everyday Telegraph)2021年1月4日发表“The Spirit of the Ox”(牛的精神)一文,其中引用了习近平总书记首次提出的“三牛精神”:
We must promote the spirit of the ox in serving the people, driving innovative development and working tirelessly. (我們必须发扬为民服务孺子牛、创新发展拓荒牛、艰苦奋斗老黄牛的精神。)
《中国日报》(China Daily)2021年2月11日推出题为“ ‘Three cattle spirit’ steers China to bullish Year of the Ox”(“三牛精神”引领中国进入牛年)的文章,其中提到“三牛精神”时用的是cattle这一集合名词,避免了复数表达的难处:
China is ringing in the Year of the Ox, a new beginning of great significance for both the Chinese people and the Communist Party of China (CPC) that has led the whole nation to overcome many challenges. The new year will also be defined by the “three cattle spirit.”(中国即将迎来牛年,对中国人民和带领整个国家战胜各种挑战的中国共产党而言,这是一个意义非凡的新开端。新的一年也被赋予了“三牛精神”。)
The term first appeared in Chinese President Xi Jinping’s speech at a New Year’s gathering late last December held in Beijing by the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. It was later repeated in his Spring Festival greetings to all Chinese on behalf of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Wednesday.(这个词语首次出现是在去年12月底国家主席习近平在全国政协新年茶话会上的讲话中。这一说法后来又出现在周三习近平以中共中央、国务院的名义向全国人民祝福新春的贺词中。)
As the second sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle of a rotating cast of 12 symbolic animals, the ox, known for its stamina and strength, usually signifies steadfastness, tenacity and dependability in traditional Chinese culture.(中国的十二生肖循环由12个有象征意义的动物按序轮换,牛位列第二,以耐力和力量著称,在中国传统文化中,它通常象征着坚定、坚韧和可靠。)
再看境外媒体的相关报道,同样充满正能量。
《纽约时报》(The New York Times)2021年2月4日刊出一文,题为“Pursuing the Spirit of Niu”(追求牛的精神),记者直接用汉语拼音表示牛,重点诠释了牛的形象和精神:
Niu has been an important force on Chinese farms for thousands of years. Therefore, in Chinese culture, Niu is often used to symbolize a hardworking and trustworthy spirit. There is a famous saying in Chinese—“Although Niu only eats grass, it produces milk”—which praises Niu’s willingness to contribute. In addition, a poem by the 20th-century Chinese writer Lu Xun brings home Niu’s attitude of serving without complaining: “To a thousand pointing fingers I defy with fierce brows, and to younglings I’d be fain to bow and serve as a Niu.” Niu’s qualities—no-complaints, trustworthiness, unselfishness, and willingness to give and serve the people—are exactly the spirit that we should pursue in a time of uncertainty, anxiety, and fear amid the crisis.(几千年来,牛一直是中国农业的重要力量,因此,在中国文化中,牛常被用来表征勤劳守信的精神。中国有一句名言,牛吃的是草,产出的是奶,赞美牛的奉献精神。此外,20世纪中国作家鲁迅的一首诗揭示了牛无怨服务的态度,“横眉冷对千夫指,俯首甘为孺子牛”。牛的品格——无怨、可靠、无私,甘愿奉献和为民服务——这些正是我们在充满不确定、焦虑和恐惧的危机时期所应追求的精神。) 土耳其阿纳多卢通讯社(Anadolu Agency)于2021年2月14日刊载了一篇文章,其中也谈到了牛的特性和精神,并指出这些特性和精神在多个国际场合被反复引用:
In the Chinese tradition,this new year has come in the “spirit of the Ox,” a zodiac animal that symbolizes stamina, energy, and dedication.(按照中国的传统,这个新年是秉持着牛的精神来临的,牛是一种生肖动物,象征耐力、能量和奉献。)
This year?s eve was defined as “three cattle spirit”—the term first used by China?s President Xi Jinping at a New Year?s gathering hosted by the CPC?s National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference in Beijing late last December.(今年的除夕被赋以“三牛精神”,这个词语最先是中国国家主席习近平在去年12月北京举行的中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会新年茶话会上提出的。)
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in his message on the occasion said: “I send my best wishes to all, for prosperity, health, and happiness in the Year of the Ox.”(值此之际,联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯在他的致辞中表示:“我向大家致以最良好的祝愿,祝大家牛年兴旺、健康、幸福。”)
《环球时报》(Global Times)海外版2021年2月12日载文,题为“China,US should work together for better shared future in the spirit of OX: Chinese ambassador”(中国大使:中美两国应该携手开创更加美好的未来),崔天凯大使在文中提出要用三种牛的精神来处理中美关系和国际问题:
“In the Chinese culture, the Ox symbolizes stamina, energy and dedication,” Cui said, adding he hopes that “we will show the spirit of the Ox and work together for a better shared future, for the Chinese and American people and people of the whole world.”(崔天凱说:“在中国文化中,牛象征着耐力、能量和奉献。”他希望,“我们发扬‘牛’的精神,为中美两国人们和全世界人民共同创造更加美好的未来”。)
“... let’s bring about post-pandemic recovery and growth with the energy of the Ox,” said Cui. “China will stay committed to the win-win strategy of opening-up and economic globalization, and work with the United States and other countries to inject confidence and energy into the global economy,” he said.(“……以牛之力实现疫情大流行之后的复苏和增长。”崔说,“中国将坚定不移地奉行互利共赢的开放战略和经济全球化战略,与美国和其他国家合作,为全球经济注入信心和活力。”)
“... let’s pool our strength and wisdom for a better future with the dedication of the Ox,” said the ambassador. “Countries need to put aside differences and act with a sense of responsibility and solidarity to tackle an array of global challenges, such as communicable diseases and climate change,” he said.(“……让我们用牛的奉献精神凝聚力量,凝聚智慧,共创美好未来。”这位大使说,“各国应摒弃分歧,以担当责任、团结一致的精神应对一系列全球性挑战,比如传染病和气候变化。”)
春节后第一个工作日(2月18日),中国外交部发言人华春莹也在其推特上用英语对“三牛精神”进行了描述,她把“三牛精神”译成three ox spirit,笔者觉得不够精准。此处不免引发一个问题,是三种牛的精神,还是牛的三种精神?复数很难处理,用在哪个词上?复数spirits在更多的语境中指“酒精”,或指灵魂、情绪等,表示精神时,spirit是不可数名词,应用单数表达。这样的话,倒不如译成three kinds of ox spirit,明示牛的三种精神。或者也可简单译成the spirit of the ox。在推文中,华春莹将“三牛”分别译成三组词:serving-the-people ox(孺子牛)、pioneering ox(拓荒牛)、persisting ox(老黄牛)。别有情趣,可圈可点。