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共建“一带一路”能充分发挥沿线国家和地区的比较优势,促进经济贸易往来。随着“一带一路”战略的实施,中国与沿线国家的贸易联系越来越紧密。经贸往来的基础是产品进出口。研究中国向“一带一路”沿线国家或地区出口的商品中哪些具有竞争力,哪些商品可以充分发挥比较优势具有重要意义。借助区域显性比较优势指数分析2004至2014年中国各类出口商品在“一带一路”沿线主要国家或地区市场的竞争力。研究发现中国的初级产品在“一带一路”沿线主要国家和地区市场上竞争力不断减弱甚至完全丧失,工业制成品在沿线主要国家和地区市场上出口竞争力较强,根据中国商品出口竞争力现状,对中国制定外贸政策和调整产业结构提出相应建议。
Build “the Belt and Road” can give full play to the comparative advantages of countries and regions along the route and promote economic and trade exchanges. With the implementation of the “Belt and Road” strategy, the trade ties between China and other countries along the line have become increasingly close. The basis of economic and trade exchanges is the import and export of products. It is of great significance to study which of the commodities exported by China to countries along the “Belt and Road” are competitive and which commodities can give full play to their comparative advantage. Using the regional dominant comparative advantage index, the paper analyzes the competitiveness of all kinds of export commodities in China from 2004 to 2014 in the major countries or regions along the “Belt and Road”. The study found that the competitiveness of China’s primary products in the major countries and regions along the “Belt and a Road” continuously weakened or even lost their competitiveness. The manufactured products have strong export competitiveness in major countries and regions along the route. According to the statistics of China’s merchandise exports The status quo of competitiveness, put forward corresponding suggestions on formulating China’s foreign trade policy and adjusting the industrial structure.