外语教学的最终目的是培养学生用所学外语进行交际的能力。七十年代海姆斯首先提出人的交际能力由四部分组成:1.形式是否可能,即语法规则知识。2.实际履行是否可能:关于特定的语言形式是否可行的知识。3.根据上下文是否恰当:语言在不同的上下文中是否恰当。4.实际上是否完成:实际使用什么语言和如何使用语言的知识。八十年代卡纳尔和斯温认为交际能力至少有四个方面的知识和技能。它们分别是:1.语法能力;2.社会语言能力(在 The ultimate goal of foreign language teaching is to develop students’ abilities to communicate in foreign languages. In the seventies Heims first proposed that people’s communicative competence consists of four parts: 1. Whether the form is possible, that is, the knowledge of grammatical rules. 2. Is practical fulfillment possible: knowledge of the feasibility of a particular language form? 3. Depending on the context is appropriate: is the language appropriate in different contexts? 4. In fact done: what language is actually used and how to use the language knowledge. In the eighties Canner and Swain considered communicative competence with at least four aspects of knowledge and skills. They are: 1. Grammar; 2. Social language skills (in