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【目的】对乌鲁木齐市5、10、15和20年蔬菜地及玉米田土壤动物进行调查研究,查明该区不同种植年限菜地土壤动物群落结构特征及其季节动态变化规律。【方法】采用群落多样性指标、组间聚类及多维度排序分析法,对不同菜地土壤动物群落多样性特征分析。【结果】共捕获到土壤动物3957头,隶属于6门16纲34目,其中弹尾目(44.45%)及真螨目(13.82%)为优势种群,这二类占采集总捕获量的58.27%,而寄螨目(7.33%)、三肠目(6.7%)、蛭态目(3.39%)、垫刃目(3.36%)、膜翅目(1.67%)、后孔寡毛目(2.3%)、近孔寡毛目(1.34%)、鞘翅目成虫(2.5%)、等足目(1.06%)及鞘翅目幼虫(2.27%)等10类群为常见类群占总捕获量的31.92%;其余的22类土壤动物均属稀有类群,占总捕获量的9.85%。对不同种植类型蔬菜地Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)分析表明:5a菜地>20a菜地>玉米田>10a菜地>15a菜地,而Simpson优势度指数(C)表现为15a菜地>10a菜地>20a菜地>玉米田>5a菜地。垂直分布分析表明蔬菜地土壤动物具有明显的表聚性,且0～5cm>5～10cm>10～15cm>15～20cm,类群数的季节动态分布不太明显(P<0.05),但个体数的季节动态分布已达到显著差异(P>0.05),在秋季土壤动物数量有增加。组间聚类和排序结果表明,将5种不同种植蔬菜地类生境分为3大类型。【结论】5种不同种植类型蔬菜地土壤动物群落结构及多样性均有不同,反应了菜地土壤动物对不同土地利用方式的响应。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the soil fauna in vegetable fields and corn fields in Urumqi during 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and to ascertain the community structure and seasonal dynamics of soil fauna in vegetable fields with different planting years. 【Method】 The diversity of soil animal community in different vegetable fields was analyzed by using community diversity index, inter-cluster clustering and multi-dimensional sorting analysis. 【Result】 A total of 3957 soil animal species were collected, belonging to 6 orders, 16 orders and 34 orders, of which 44.45% of the order Phasianidae and 13.82% of the Acarina species were the dominant species, accounting for 58.27% (7.33%), Salmonella (6.7%), Lepidoptera (3.39%), Lepidoptera (3.36%), Hymenoptera (1.67% (1.34%), Coleopterans (2.5%), Isopoda (1.06%) and Coleoptera larvae (2.27%) accounted for 31.92% of the total. Of the 22 soil animals are rare groups, accounting for 9.85% of the total catch. The analysis of Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) of different vegetable types showed that: 5a vegetable land> 20a vegetable land> corn field> 10a vegetable land> 15a vegetable land, and Simpson dominance index (C) > 10a vegetables> 20a vegetables> cornfield> 5a vegetables. The vertical distribution analysis showed that the soil animals in the vegetable field had obvious surface polygons, and the seasonal dynamic distribution of taxa was not obvious (0 ~ 5cm> 5 ~ 10cm> 10 ~ 15cm> 15 ~ 20cm) The seasonal dynamic distribution has reached a significant difference (P> 0.05), soil fauna in autumn increased. The results of cluster analysis and sequencing show that the five habitats of vegetable land are divided into three types. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the soil animal community structure and diversity differed in five different vegetable types, reflecting the response of vegetable soil animals to different land use patterns.