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从1929年《华沙公约》到1999年《蒙特利尔公约》,国际航空运输立法中的“旅客”经历了从航空运输合同的“一方当事人”到“消费者”的身份变化,航空旅客的权利从合同权利演变为消费者权益。《蒙特利尔公约》实施十多年来,世界主要国家和地区受本国国内法中消费者权益保护理念的影响,通过立法和司法活动,对航空旅客权益保护的范围和程度又有新的发展。欧盟261/2004条例要求航空公司在不可抗力事件导致航班延误、取消的情况下仍然承担为旅客提供协助和帮助的义务,远远超出了一般合同法的规定。在促进航空运输业发展与保护旅客权益的天平上,砝码已深深倾斜于旅客一边,这种倾向是否过于严重,值得我们深思。
From the Warsaw Convention of 1929 to the Montreal Convention of 1999, “Passenger ” in international air transport legislation has undergone changes in status from the “one party” to the “consumer” of the air transport contract, Air travelers’ rights evolve from contract rights to consumer rights. Over the past ten years since the Montreal Convention was implemented, the major countries and regions in the world are subject to the protection of consumers’ rights and interests in their own domestic laws. Through legislative and judicial activities, the scope and extent of air passenger rights protection have been further developed. The EU Regulation 261/2004 requires airlines to bear the obligation to provide assistance and assistance to passengers in case of flight delays and cancellations caused by force majeure events, which goes far beyond the general contract law. On the balance of promoting the development of the air transport industry and protecting the rights and interests of travelers, the weight has been deeply inclined to the passenger side. Is this tendency too serious and deserves our deep consideration.