齿轮作为受到交变疲劳载荷的零件,表面残余应力分布对疲劳强度有重大影响,本文以20CrMnTi渗碳淬火齿轮为研究对象,基于声弹性理论,研究临界折射纵波残余应力检测原理,设计并搭建了齿轮表面残余应力检测系统,在实现过程中采用一发一收的探头布局模式,对20CrMnTi渗碳淬火齿轮表面残余应力分布进行分区域检测,分析残余应力的分布情况。 Gear as the part subject to alternating fatigue load, surface residual stress distribution has a significant impact on the fatigue strength. In this paper, 20CrMnTi carburized quenched gear is taken as the research object. Based on the theory of acoustic elasticity, the principle of residual stress of critical refracted longitudinal wave is studied. The surface residual stress detection system of gears is adopted in the process of realization, and the probe is used to detect the distribution of residual stress on the surface of 20CrMnTi carburized and quenched gear. The distribution of residual stress is analyzed.