本文简要地叙述了当前国内外纳米科技发展的现状和动态以及它对本世纪内科学技术发展的推动。同时,描述了纳米科技的最重要的基础之一——纳米材料,特别是对纳米碳管的作用进行了描述。文章从基础研究和应用研究的两个层面上,着重描述了在中国科学院知识创新工程的重大项目“纳米碳管及其它纳米材料”中所取得的研究成果。 This article briefly describes the current status and developments of nanotechnology in the world as well as its impetus to the development of science and technology in this century. In the meantime, one of the most important foundations of nanotechnology is described - the role of nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes, is described. The article focuses on two major aspects of basic research and applied research, and highlights the research results achieved in the major project of “Carbon Nanotubes and Other Nanomaterials” of the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.