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目的研究吸烟及饮酒对噪声性听力损失的影响。方法选择某大型机械厂的噪声暴露工人449例,收集人口学资料及现场噪声暴露资料,并参照《职业性噪声聋诊断标准》(GBZ49—2007),对研究对象进行听力检查,最后选择电测听结果双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB的工人为病例组,<40 dB的工人为对照组。结果随着噪声暴露时间的增加,听阈值逐渐增加,且经过比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。累积吸烟量>10包·年的工人患噪声性听力损失的危险性是累积吸烟量<10包·年工人的1.89倍,且差别有统计学意义。但未发现饮酒与噪声性听力损失的发生相关。结论吸烟可能是噪声性听力损失的影响因素之一,饮酒可能不是噪声性听力损失的影响因素。
Objective To study the effects of smoking and drinking on noise-induced hearing loss. Methods A total of 449 noise exposed workers in a large machinery factory were selected to collect demographic data and site noise exposure data. Hearing tests were conducted according to “Diagnostic criteria for occupational noise deafness” (GBZ49-2007) Listen to the results of both ears high-frequency average hearing threshold ≥ 40 dB of the workers for the case group, <40 dB of workers as the control group. Results As the noise exposure time increased, the threshold of hearing increased gradually, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Workers with cumulative smoking> 10 packs a year had a statistically significant risk of noise-induced hearing loss, with cumulative smoking <10 bales and 1.89 times the number of workers a year. However, no alcohol consumption was found to be associated with the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss. Conclusion Smoking may be one of the influencing factors of noise-induced hearing loss, and alcohol consumption may not be the influencing factor of noise-induced hearing loss.