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目的:研究6所医院近5年严重而高发的出生缺陷发生率、产前超声显像诊断效果及提高产前、产后诊断符合率的对策。方法:筛查、登记6所医院1998~2002年严重出生缺陷病例,将产前超声诊断与产后诊断符合率进行对比分析。结果:产前出生缺陷的超声显像与产后诊断符合率为36.49%。产前超声显像与产后诊断比较,其类型与符合率前5位依次为:先天性腹水(71.88%)、腹壁畸形(64.71%)、先天性脑积水(61.90%)、神经管畸形(53.33%)、先天性心脏病(41.67%)。结论:超声显像以诊断致死或致残的严重结构畸形为主,先天性腹水、腹壁畸形、先天性脑积水的产前、产后超声显像符合率较高。
Objective: To study the incidence of severe and high birth defects in 6 hospitals in recent 5 years, the diagnostic value of prenatal ultrasound imaging and the strategy of increasing the coincidence rate of prenatal and postnatal diagnosis. Methods: Screening and registering cases of severe birth defects in 6 hospitals from 1998 to 2002, the coincidence rates of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and postnatal diagnosis were compared. Results: The coincidence rate of ultrasound imaging and postpartum diagnosis of prenatal birth defects was 36.49%. Prenatal ultrasound imaging and postpartum diagnosis compared with the top 5 in line with the type were: congenital ascites (71.88%), abdominal malformation (64.71%), congenital hydrocephalus (61.90%), neural tube defects 53.33%), congenital heart disease (41.67%). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound imaging is mainly used to diagnose severe structural malformations caused by death or disability. Congenital ascites, abdominal wall malformations and congenital hydrocephalus have a high coincidence rate of prenatal and postnatal ultrasound imaging.