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据世界卫生组织统计,中国居22个结核高负担国家的第二位,而全世界每年增加约900万的活动性肺结核患者,年死亡率约20%～30%,约有17万儿童因患肺结核而死亡。我国目前儿童结核病形势严峻,由于儿童各系统发育不完善,结核的临床表现不典型,痰菌阳性率低,并且多表现为结核性脑膜炎、血行播散性结核和肺外结核等重症结核,严重影响了儿童结核的有效诊断,治疗上则更富有挑战性。现就目前儿童结核的治疗进展作一综述。
According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, China ranks second in 22 countries with high TB burden. In the world each year, about 9 million TB patients are active. The annual mortality rate is about 20% -30%, and about 170,000 children are affected by the disease Tuberculosis and death. At present, the situation of children’s TB in our country is harsh. Due to the imperfect development of children’s systems, the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis are not typical, the positive rate of sputum is low, and most of them are tuberculous meningitis, blood-borne tuberculosis and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, Seriously affected the effective diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, the treatment is even more challenging. Now on the progress of treatment of children with tuberculosis are reviewed.