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当今的中国语言学界,正在积极思考汉语与中国文化的关系,探究汉语的文化底蕴。但是,对于汉字与中国文化的关系,却一向少有专论。 汉字本来就是中国汉民族文化的有机组成部分,但是为了更深刻地理解汉字,可以把它独立起来,考察它与中国文化的关系。本文只研究这种关系中的一个问题,即汉民族心理层次的文化对汉字的影响。 按照有的学者的意见,文化可以分为三个层次,即物质的、制度的和心理的(见庞朴《要研究文化的三个层次》,载《光明日报》一九八六年一月十七日)。物质层次的文化即是指人类创造的种种物质文明,制度层次的文化是指种种制度和理论体系,心理层次的文化则包括思维方式、审美趣味、价值观念、宗教信念等等。
Today’s Chinese linguistics community is actively thinking about the relationship between Chinese and Chinese culture and exploring the cultural heritage of Chinese. However, there have been few monographs on the relationship between Chinese characters and Chinese culture. Chinese characters have always been an integral part of Chinese Han culture, but in order to understand more deeply the Chinese characters, we can separate it and examine its relationship with Chinese culture. This article only studies one of the problems in this relationship, that is, the influence of the psychology of Han nationality on Chinese characters. According to some scholars, culture can be divided into three levels, that is, material, institutional and psychological (see Pang Pu “to study the three levels of culture”, contained “Guangming Daily” in January 1986 Seventeen days). The material-level culture refers to all kinds of material civilization created by mankind. The system-level culture refers to all kinds of systems and theoretical systems. The psychological-level culture includes modes of thinking, aesthetic taste, values, religious beliefs, and so on.