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一、测量了成对的胫骨246侧,腓骨212侧,包括二骨的长度、中点矢状径、横径及周径。腓骨周径为胫骨周径的二分之一稍强。观察了滋养孔的位置、数目、大小及方向。胫骨滋养孔的数目、位置及方向都比较恒定,滋养孔无一例缺乏,二个或三个滋养孔亦很少见(1.63%);滋养孔在纵向上,多数集中在该骨的上、中1/3交界附近(指数平均值34.53);在横向上多位于胫骨的后面(95.22%)。两侧胫骨滋养孔在纵向及横向上都对称的较多(72.36%)。滋养孔的口径一般均较大,方向多通向远端(99.20%)。腓骨滋养孔的数目、位置及方向显示变化较多。腓骨滋养孔缺乏的有2.36%,二孔以上的9.43%。腓骨滋养孔在纵向上分布弥散,位于该骨中1/3的最多(90.39%);在横向上多数集中在腓骨后面(57.64%)、内侧缘及内侧面。两侧腓骨滋养孔在纵向及横向上均对称的较少(16.98%)。滋养孔的口径一般较小,通向远端的占89.52%。二、解剖出胫、腓骨滋养动脉各100例。测量了滋养动脉的长度和口径,并观察了它们的起点及行径。胫骨滋养动脉的起点变化较多,起自胫后动脉的有67%。胫骨滋养动脉的长度平均4.57厘米,起始段的外径平均1.53毫米;其行径颇为恒定,穿通胫骨后肌的起始部,贴胫骨上1/3部的后面下行,然后进入滋养孔。腓骨滋养动脉均起自腓动脉,但起始高度则多变。腓骨滋养动脉的口径细小,行程亦短,其平均长度为1.1厘米,起始段外径平均0.9毫米;行经(足母)长屈肌与胫骨后肌间,入滋养孔。腓动脉发出的弓形动脉,穿(足母)长屈肌的起点,沿腓骨的背面行走,对腓骨骨膜的血液供应有一定作用。
First, 246 pairs of tibia and 212 sides of the fibula were measured, including the length of the bones, the midpoint sagittal diameter, the transverse diameter, and the peripheral diameter. Fibula circumference of the tibia circumference slightly stronger than half. Observed nourishing hole location, number, size and direction. The number, location and direction of the tibia nourish holes are relatively constant, there is no lack of nourishing holes, and rarely two or three nourish holes (1.63%). The nourish holes are mostly in the upper and middle of the bone in the longitudinal direction 1/3 near the junction (exponential average 34.53); in the lateral position more than the tibia (95.22%). Both sides of the tibia nourish holes in the longitudinal and transverse symmetry are more (72.36%). Nourish the hole diameter are generally larger, more direction to the distal (99.20%). Fibula nourishment hole number, location and direction showed more changes. Fibular nourish holes lack of 2.36%, 9.43% more than two holes. Fibroids nostrils were distributed longitudinally and distributed in most of the bones (90.39%), most of them were posterior fibula (57.64%), medial margin and medial side. Fibular nourish holes on both sides of the longitudinal and horizontal symmetry less (16.98%). Nourish the hole diameter is generally smaller, leading to the distal accounted for 89.52%. Second, dissect the tibia and fibula nourish the artery of 100 cases. The length and caliber of nourished arteries were measured and their starting point and course were observed. The starting point of the tibia-nourishing artery changed more, starting from the posterior tibial artery 67%. The average length of the tibia nauplii artery is 4.57 cm. The initial diameter of the anterior segment is 1.53 mm. The diameter of the tibial nodal artery is quite constant. The tibial nodal artery passes through the beginning of the tibialis posterior muscle and the back of the tibia on the upper 1/3 of the tibia. Fibula nourish the arteries from the peroneal artery, but the starting height is variable. Fibula nodal artery diameter small, short stroke, the average length of 1.1 cm, an average diameter of 0.9 mm at the beginning of the segment; long flexor by (foot mother) and the tibialis posterior muscle, into the nourishing hole. Pedicle artery of the peroneal artery, the starting point of long flexor (toe), walking along the back of the fibula, the blood supply of the fibular periosteum has a role.