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阿尔泰山地分布的以西伯利亚落叶松、西伯利亚云杉和西伯利亚红松为主要树种组成的天然针叶林,是我国典型的西西伯利亚山地南泰加林的代表。利用角尺度,混交度和大小比数3个林分空间结构参数分析阿尔泰山地天然针叶林空间结构特征。结果表明:(1)林分角尺度均值为0.509,表明阿尔泰山地天然针叶林的林分总体呈随机分布格局;随着林木直径的增大,分布格局模式为“随机分布—团状分布—随机分布”;(2)林分的平均混交度为0.629,属于由不同树种组成的中强度混交,西伯利亚云杉混交度最小,且随着林木径阶的增加,混交度呈逐渐增加的趋势;(3)西伯利亚冷杉和西伯利亚落叶松在林分中具有明显优势的地位,而西伯利亚红松处于劣态。随着林木胸径的增大,林木的大小比数逐渐减小,大小分化却由小径木的劣态转到中径木的优势地位,再到大径木的绝对优势地位。在阿尔泰天然针叶林经营中,可以考虑把大径阶的西伯利亚落叶松作为采伐木,达到优化林分结构的目的。
The natural coniferous forest, mainly composed of Siberian larch, Siberian spruce and Siberian koraiensis distributed in the Altai mountains, is representative of the southern Tajarin in the western part of Western Siberia. Spatial structure characteristics of natural coniferous forests in Altai Mountains were analyzed using spatial structure parameters of three stands, such as angle scale, degree of mixedness and size ratio. The results showed that: (1) The average of stand angular scale was 0.509, which indicated that the stands of natural coniferous forests in Altai Mountains were in a random distribution pattern. With the increase of tree diameter, the patterns of distribution pattern were “random distribution - clump distribution - random distribution ”; (2) The average mixed degree of stands was 0.629, which was a medium-strength mixed forest composed of different tree species, and the mixed degree of Siberian spruce was the smallest. With the increase of forest diameter, Trend; (3) Siberian fir and Siberian larch have obvious dominant position in the stand, while the Siberian pine is in a bad condition. With the increase of DBH, the size ratio of forest trees gradually decreased. However, the differentiation of size from small-diameter wood to the dominant wood from middle-diameter wood to the absolute superiority of large-diameter wood. In the Altai natural coniferous forest management, consider the large-diameter Siberian larch as logging timber, to achieve the purpose of optimizing the structure of the forest.