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《现代汉语词典》是为推广普通话、促进汉语规范化服务的一部规范性中型语文词典,在我国文化教育和科学研究事业中发挥了巨大作用,是一部学术含量很高的词典。从历史的角度看,语言可以处在形成、发展、保持或消亡的某种状态,决定语言处在不同状态的诸因素可以称作语言的生命力,也就是语言活力。本文研究《现汉》中的古旧词语这一语言现象的生命力,在对古旧词语使用的频率、基本类型和语体分布进行统计的基础上,采用定量研究的方法,测度现代汉语古旧词的生命力状况,探求现代汉语古旧词的发展规律。并根据古旧词生命力的大小,结合词典收词原则,探讨《现汉》对古旧词的收录问题,这可以深化我们对于古旧词的认识,进一步提高词典编纂质量。
The Dictionary of Modern Chinese is a normative medium-sized Chinese dictionary for the promotion of Putonghua and the standardization of Chinese language. It has played an important role in the cause of cultural education and scientific research in our country and is a highly academic dictionary. From a historical point of view, language can be in a certain state of formation, development, preservation or demise. The factors that determine the state of language in different states can be called the vitality of language, that is, the vitality of language. This article studies the vitality of the ancient Chinese words in the present Chinese language. Based on the statistics of the frequency, basic types and distributions of ancient words, this paper uses the quantitative method to measure the vitality of ancient Chinese words Status quo, to explore the law of development of modern Chinese ancient words. According to the vitality of the old words and the principle of collecting words from the dictionary, this article probes into the existing problems of the ancient words collected by the modern Chinese, which can deepen our understanding of ancient words and further improve the quality of dictionary compilation.