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森林积雪蒸发(升华)动态的准确测算是正确理解森林积雪区地表能量和水量平衡的关键问题之一,也是区域水文模型和气候模式的重要环节.本文综述了现有的森林积雪蒸发测算方法,分析了质量平衡法(包括雪水当量法、降雪和穿透降雪对比测量法、雪面蒸发器法、蒸渗仪法、单株称量法、树冠截雪称量法和γ射线减弱技术)和微气象法(包括波文比能量平衡法、彭曼联合法、空气动力学法、表面温度技术和涡度相关法)的适用性.同时对不同森林类型积雪蒸发及其影响因素的研究进展进行了详细回顾,并结合现有研究的不足对今后的森林积雪蒸发研究进行展望,以期为未来的森林积雪蒸发相关研究提供指导.
The accurate calculation of forest snow evaporation (sublimation) is one of the key issues for correctly understanding the surface energy and water balance in snow-covered areas and also an important link in regional hydrological models and climate models. (Including snow water equivalent method, snowfall and snowfall contrast measurement method, snow surface evaporator method, lysimeter method, single weighing method, canopy snowfall weighing method and γ-ray Weakened technology) and micro-meteorological methods (including the Bowen’s energy balance method, the Penman joint method, the aerodynamic method, the surface temperature technique and the eddy covariance method) .At the same time, the snow evaporation in different forest types and its influencing factors This paper reviews in detail the progress of research on snow cover evaporation in the future with the deficiency of the existing research, in order to provide guidance for the future research on snow cover evaporation in the forest.