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目的 了解我国性病的现况、流行趋势和有关因素 ,作为制订性病防治规划的依据。方法 我国在 1 993～ 1 996年建立了性病哨点监测系统。该系统在原有性病发病较高的 1 6个城市监测点的基础上进行调整 ,在全国建立了 2 6个性病监测哨点。对哨点加强管理 (如督导和反馈 ) ,收集完整的监测资料 ,并进行专项调查。结果 4年内哨点监测系统共报告性病 2 0 2 86 6例 ,年平均发病率为 1 41 .46 / 1 0万 ,发病率逐年增长 ,但其速度较过去有所减慢。报告的病例男性多于女性 ,其性别比有逐年下降趋势。 2 0～ 39岁组患者占病例数的 82 .37% ,但儿童性病比过去明显增加。城市哨点发病率最高( 1 81 .86 / 1 0万 )。淋病仍为优势病种 ,但其发病呈逐年下降趋势 ;梅毒增加较快 (包括儿童梅毒 )。此系统已开始有 HIV/ AIDS病例的个别报告。在传染源中 ,暗娼占有相当高的比例。结论 哨点监测系统由于加强了管理 ,能较准确地描述当地的性病流行情况 ,特别是其流行趋势。
Objective To understand the current situation, epidemic trends and related factors of STD in our country as the basis for formulating the STD prevention and control plan. Methods In China, a sentinel surveillance system for STDs was established from 1993 to 1996. The system was adjusted on the basis of 16 urban monitoring stations with relatively high incidence of STDs and established 26 STD sentinel sites across the country. Strengthen the management of sentinel sites (such as supervision and feedback), collect the complete monitoring data and carry out special investigations. Results The sentinel surveillance system reported a total of 2 0266 cases of STDs within 4 years, with an average annual incidence of 1,141.41 million. The incidence rate increased year by year, but its speed was slower than in the past. The reported cases of more men than women, the sex ratio has decreased year by year. Patients in the age group of 0 ~ 39 years accounted for 82.37% of cases, but the incidence of STD in children was significantly higher than in the past. The highest incidence of sentinel urban (1 81.86 / 10 000). Gonorrhea is still the dominant disease, but its incidence showed a downward trend year by year; syphilis increased rapidly (including children with syphilis). The system has started reporting individual cases of HIV / AIDS. In the source of infection, sex workers occupy a very high proportion. Conclusion The sentinel surveillance system can provide a more accurate description of the prevalence of STDs, especially its prevalence, due to the strengthened management.