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目的分析衡阳市2006-2011年5岁以下儿童死亡率变化以及主要死亡原因动态变化趋势,探讨相关因素,从而提供有效的科学干预措施以降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。方法收集衡阳市2006-2011年所有5岁以下儿童死亡个案卡,并进行个案调查数据统计分析。结果 2006-2011年,衡阳市早期新生儿死亡率、新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率均呈下降趋势,且年龄越小,死亡率下降幅度越大。5岁以下儿童死亡原因前五位分别是意外死亡、早产和低出生体重、先天异常、肺炎和出生窒息,占5岁以下儿童死亡总数的79.18%。结论降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键是预防意外死亡,降低早期新生儿死亡率、新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率。
Objective To analyze the changes of mortality rate and the main causes of death among children under 5 years of age in Hengyang from 2006 to 2011 and explore relevant factors to provide effective scientific interventions to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age. Methods All cases of deaths of children under 5 years of age in Hengyang from 2006 to 2011 were collected, and statistical analysis of case investigation data was conducted. Results From 2006 to 2011, the early neonatal mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate and death rate of children under 5 years of age in Hengyang City showed a decreasing trend. The younger the mortality rate, the lower the mortality rate. The top five death causes for children under 5 are respectively accidental death, premature birth and low birth weight, congenital anomalies, pneumonia and birth asphyxia, accounting for 79.18% of the total deaths of children under 5 years of age. Conclusions The key to reducing the under-five mortality rate is to prevent accidental deaths and reduce early neonatal mortality, neonatal mortality, and infant mortality.