论文部分内容阅读
一般来说,英语中可以用于表示“推测”或“可能性”的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must。其中must表示主观推断的可能性,can表示理论上存在的可能性,may或could表示实际上存在的可能性,might在表示可能性时语气最弱。
must表示推测时,它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多,一般只用于肯定句,意为“肯定”“一定会”“必然”。如:
①You must be very hungry now. It’s half past 13.
你一定很饿,现在已经下午一点半了。
②Jane must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day. 简肯定对她的工作厌烦了,她每天都做同样的事。
[注]must do(这时do通常为状态动词或系动词),表示对现在状态的推测,如句①和②; must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测;must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。
[注]must表示推测时通常只用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。如:
③He’s just had his lunch. He can’t be hungry.
他刚吃过午饭,不会饿的。
④They have just arrived here. They can’t know many people.
他们刚到这里,不可能认识很多人。
can表示推测时,常用于否定句中表示“不可能”,用于疑问句中表示“也许会/可能……”。用于肯定句中,表示“可能”“有时会”。如:
⑤She usually gets up very early. She can’t miss the train.
她通常起得很早,不可能误火车的。
⑥He cannot be at home. He’s said to have gone to Shanghai.
他不可能在家,据说他去上海了。
[注]在此种用法中,can和could没有时态的区别,只是表示可能性的大小,can表示推测的可能性比could大。
[注]can’t have done sth.表示对过去行为的推测,意为“不可能做过某事”“应该不会做过某事”。
may表示推测时,可译为“可能”“也许”,常用于肯定句或否定句中。might表示推测时的可能性要比may小,此时无时态之别,但当主句谓语动词为过去式时,则通常用might。如:
⑦Xiao Yang may/might know his address.
小杨可能/兴许知道他的地址。
⑧I may be right or may not be right, but that’s what I think.
我可能对,也可能不对,但这是我的想法。
[注]may表示推测时一般不用于疑问句中,在疑问句中通常用can来代替。如:
⑨Can he be at home? 他可能在家吗?
⑩Can it be true? 这可能是真的吗?
[注]在may not表示可能性的句子中,not否定的不是may,而是句中的谓语动词。如:
■You may not see him. 你可能还没见过他。(而不是“你不可能见过他。”)
■He may not be there now.
他现在可能不在那儿。(而不是“他不可能在那儿。”)
[注]may/might have done sth.意为“可能/兴许已经”,表示对过去行为的推测,把握性远不如must have done sth.。试比较:
■She may/might have read about it in the papers.
她可能/兴许已经在报纸上看到这个消息了。
■She must have read about it in the papers. She asked me many questions about it this morning. 她肯定已经在报纸上看到这个消息了,今天早上她问了我好多有关这方面的问题。
[跟踪练习]
根据句意,从所给选项中选出最佳选项。
1. Helen ____ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. may not B. must C. may D. can’t
2. ——Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
——No, it ____ be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t B. must not C. can D. may not
3. ——Someone is knocking at the door.
——Who ____ it be?
A. might B. must C. need D. can
4. ——I just found a video cassette on my desk. Whose cassette is this?
——Oh, that ____ be John’s. He’s been looking for the cassette for an hour. He will be so thankful that you found it.
A. must B. might C. may D. can’t
5. ——Is Peter here yet?
——Not yet, but he ____ be here soon. He is usually on time.
A. would B. could C. should D. must
Keys:1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C
must表示推测时,它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多,一般只用于肯定句,意为“肯定”“一定会”“必然”。如:
①You must be very hungry now. It’s half past 13.
你一定很饿,现在已经下午一点半了。
②Jane must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day. 简肯定对她的工作厌烦了,她每天都做同样的事。
[注]must do(这时do通常为状态动词或系动词),表示对现在状态的推测,如句①和②; must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测;must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。
[注]must表示推测时通常只用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。如:
③He’s just had his lunch. He can’t be hungry.
他刚吃过午饭,不会饿的。
④They have just arrived here. They can’t know many people.
他们刚到这里,不可能认识很多人。
can表示推测时,常用于否定句中表示“不可能”,用于疑问句中表示“也许会/可能……”。用于肯定句中,表示“可能”“有时会”。如:
⑤She usually gets up very early. She can’t miss the train.
她通常起得很早,不可能误火车的。
⑥He cannot be at home. He’s said to have gone to Shanghai.
他不可能在家,据说他去上海了。
[注]在此种用法中,can和could没有时态的区别,只是表示可能性的大小,can表示推测的可能性比could大。
[注]can’t have done sth.表示对过去行为的推测,意为“不可能做过某事”“应该不会做过某事”。
may表示推测时,可译为“可能”“也许”,常用于肯定句或否定句中。might表示推测时的可能性要比may小,此时无时态之别,但当主句谓语动词为过去式时,则通常用might。如:
⑦Xiao Yang may/might know his address.
小杨可能/兴许知道他的地址。
⑧I may be right or may not be right, but that’s what I think.
我可能对,也可能不对,但这是我的想法。
[注]may表示推测时一般不用于疑问句中,在疑问句中通常用can来代替。如:
⑨Can he be at home? 他可能在家吗?
⑩Can it be true? 这可能是真的吗?
[注]在may not表示可能性的句子中,not否定的不是may,而是句中的谓语动词。如:
■You may not see him. 你可能还没见过他。(而不是“你不可能见过他。”)
■He may not be there now.
他现在可能不在那儿。(而不是“他不可能在那儿。”)
[注]may/might have done sth.意为“可能/兴许已经”,表示对过去行为的推测,把握性远不如must have done sth.。试比较:
■She may/might have read about it in the papers.
她可能/兴许已经在报纸上看到这个消息了。
■She must have read about it in the papers. She asked me many questions about it this morning. 她肯定已经在报纸上看到这个消息了,今天早上她问了我好多有关这方面的问题。
[跟踪练习]
根据句意,从所给选项中选出最佳选项。
1. Helen ____ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. may not B. must C. may D. can’t
2. ——Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
——No, it ____ be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t B. must not C. can D. may not
3. ——Someone is knocking at the door.
——Who ____ it be?
A. might B. must C. need D. can
4. ——I just found a video cassette on my desk. Whose cassette is this?
——Oh, that ____ be John’s. He’s been looking for the cassette for an hour. He will be so thankful that you found it.
A. must B. might C. may D. can’t
5. ——Is Peter here yet?
——Not yet, but he ____ be here soon. He is usually on time.
A. would B. could C. should D. must
Keys:1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C