被称为“黑金”的石油是世界上最主要的工业原料,也是全球最重要的能源,石油贸易成为全球贸易中最大的大宗商品贸易。中东是石油的主要产地,美元长期以来作为国际结算单位使美国获取了巨大的收益,但石油产地和美元结算在地域上的分离却成为国际油价不稳定的重要因素。美国作为世界上最大的石油消费国和净进口国,石油价格上涨无疑会给美国的经济带来负面的影响,并导致美元实际汇率的波动。从历史情况来看,历次石油危机都造成了美国经济的衰 Oil known as “Black Gold” is the world’s leading industrial raw material and the most important energy source in the world. The oil trade has become the largest commodity trade in global trade. The Middle East is the major oil producing area. The U.S. dollar has long earned the United States tremendous returns as an international settlement unit. However, the geographical separation of oil-producing areas from the U.S. dollar settlement has become an important factor in the instability of international oil prices. As the largest oil consumer and net importer in the world, the rising oil price will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the U.S. economy and lead to fluctuations in the real exchange rate of the U.S. dollar. Historically, the previous oil crises have caused the U.S. economy to decline