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“国家政权建设”和“国家——社会”二元理论是近年来对中国乡村社会变迁研究的两大视角,晚清时期的乡村动荡、民国时期国家政权嵌入的初步尝试、共产党政权下乡村社会的“国家权力化”努力是近代乡村社会研究的主要内容。多学科知识的广泛应用也促使了众多新成果的问世,其中华北、江南、华南的区域性研究最为深入。但社会实践与制度构建的背离、历史人类学的微观研究与政治社会学的宏观研究的疏离、乡村社会物理机制的研究与乡土人群群体意识研究的脱节,也是近代乡村社会研究的疏漏。
The dual theory of “state power building” and “state-society” are the two perspectives on the study of social changes in rural China in recent years, the rural turmoil in the late Qing Dynasty and the attempt of embedding state power in the Republic of China. The Communist Party The “Nationalization” efforts of the rural community under the political power are the main contents of the research on the modern rural society. The extensive application of multidisciplinary knowledge has also led to the advent of many new achievements. Among them, the regional studies in North China, South China and South China are the most in-depth. However, the deviations between social practice and system construction, the separation between the microscopic research of historical anthropology and the macroscopic research of political sociology, and the disconnection between the research on rural social physical mechanism and the study on the consciousness of local people’s colony are also the omissions in the research of modern rural society.