语言学家开展社会调查的时候,常常以言语社区为单位。但调查开始之前,如何发现和鉴定某个社区是否是言语社区却是首先必须解决的问题。本文以合肥科学岛社区调查为依据来讨论鉴定言语社区五要素之间的关系和作用等问题。调查结果表明,言语社区五要素在社区中所处的作用虽然不同,但缺一不可,认同是五要素中最重要的一个鉴定要素,它是言语社区最终形成的重要标志。 When linguists conduct social surveys, they often use the speech community as a unit. But before the investigation begins, how to discover and identify whether a community is a speech community is the first issue that must be solved. This article takes Hefei Science Island community survey as the basis to discuss the relationship and role between the five elements of the identification speech community. The survey results show that although the five elements of speech community play different roles in the community, identity is the most important one of the five elements, and it is the ultimate symbol of the speech community.