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关于公平与效率关系的争论,在西方起始于第二次世界大战之后。在我国,公平与效率问题之争起始于八十年代中期,它是伴随着我国经济体制由传统的计划经济向市场经济的转变而产生的。公平与效率的关系问题,不仅是一个重大的理论问题,而且也是一个重大的实践问题。如何处理二者的关系,不仅关系到一个国家经济增长的速度,而且关系到经济增长的质量,关系到社会稳定的大问题。经过十几年改革的实践,党在十四大提出了“兼颐效率与公平”,的原则,这是我党对于公平与效率关系认识上的重大理论突破。十四届三中全会又进一步发展了这一原则,指出“个人收入分配制度要坚持以按劳分配为主体,多种分配方式并存的制度,体现效率优先,兼顾公平的原则。”这一原则是我们走出平均主义低效率怪圈的必然选择。
The debate about the relationship between equity and efficiency started in the West after World War II. In our country, the debate about the issue of fairness and efficiency started in the mid-1980s. It was accompanied by the transformation of our economic system from a traditional planned economy to a market economy. The issue of the relationship between fairness and efficiency is not only a major theoretical issue, but also a major practical issue. How to deal with the relationship between the two is not only related to the speed of economic growth in a country, but also relates to the quality of economic growth and a major issue affecting social stability. After more than a decade of reform practice, the party proposed at the 14th National Congress the principle of “both efficiency and fairness” and this is a major theoretical breakthrough made by our party in understanding the relationship between fairness and efficiency. The Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has further developed this principle by stating that “the personal income distribution system should adhere to the principle of distribution according to work and the multiple modes of distribution coexisting, giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness.” It is an inevitable choice for us to get out of the ineffectiveness of egalitarianism.