科学素养由科学精神、科学态度和价值观、科学行为与习惯、科学知识与技能以及科学方法与能力等要素构成,它以科学观为核心、科学技能为基础、科学行为的养成为标志,以学生主动发展为目的,促使学生的科学素养在主动学习科学的过程中得到发展。有效提问是教师遵从教学规律,通过提问激发思考,从而成功引起、维持和促进学生的学习,达到培养学生科学素养的目的。教师必须首先了解目前初中物理课堂提问的现状,找出提问环节存在的问题,采取相应的措 Scientific literacy consists of scientific spirit, scientific attitudes and values, scientific behaviors and habits, scientific knowledge and skills, and scientific methods and abilities. Scientific literacy as the foundation and scientific skills as the core and scientific behavior as the core Students take the initiative to develop for the purpose, to promote students’ scientific literacy in the process of active learning science developed. Effective questioning is the teacher to follow the teaching rules, stimulate questions through questions, which successfully aroused, maintain and promote student learning, to achieve the purpose of cultivating students’ scientific literacy. Teachers must first understand the current status quo of junior high school physics class questions, identify the problems existing in the question, take corresponding measures