本文应用有限变形理论,对具有低弹性模量的泥浆泵橡胶活塞及尼龙环的平面应力场进行了光弹性试验研究。同时用平衡压力法对光弹试验结果作了验证。 试验结果表明,光弹性法与平衡压力法所得活塞表面接触应力基本一致,这说明了试验结果的可靠性;应力最大值出现在活塞的尼龙护根环部位;橡胶皮碗的唇部也出现了较高应力值。这些结果对分析活塞工作时的易损部位很有意义。 In this paper, using the theory of finite deformation, the plane stress field of the rubber piston and the nylon ring of mud pump with low elastic modulus is studied by the photoelasticity. At the same time, the results of the photoelastic test were verified by the equilibrium pressure method. The experimental results show that the contact stress of the piston surface obtained by the photoelastic method and the equilibrium pressure method is basically the same, which shows the reliability of the test results; the maximum stress occurs in the nylon guard ring of the piston; the lip of the rubber cup also appears Higher stress value. These results make sense for the analysis of vulnerable parts of the piston work.