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“自下而上”的纳米结构制备法是一种在原子或分子水平上构筑纳米结构的方法;相比于“自上而下”的蚀刻技术,其可实现更小尺寸的半导体器件的制备。因此,这种“自下而上”制备法将是纳米技术未来的重要发展方向。然而,其中一个存在已久的关键问题是如何实现对所构筑的纳米拓扑结构进行精确控制。此文综述了近期关于如何调控由表面乌尔曼反应合成的纳米材料拓扑结构的研究。其中包括以下三个方面:首先,利用纳米结构与衬底晶格参数之间的匹配关系控制金属有机链的形状;其次,利用超栅格或者超分子模板对长链进行有效剪裁;最后,利用纳米结构与衬底之间对称性的匹配来调控环状和链状产物的形成。另外,我们对寻求普适性模板以调控更广泛类型的纳米材料的拓扑结构进行了展望。
“Bottom-up ” nanostructured preparation is a method of constructing nanostructures at the atomic or molecular level; it can achieve smaller dimensions than the “top-down” etching technique Preparation of semiconductor devices. Therefore, this “bottom-up” preparation method will be an important direction for the future development of nanotechnology. However, one of the key issues that has existed for a long time is how to precisely control the constructed nano-topology. This review summarizes recent studies on how to control the topological structure of nanomaterials synthesized by surface Ullmann reaction. These include the following three aspects: First, the shape of the metal chain is controlled by the matching relationship between the nanostructure and the lattice parameters of the substrate; secondly, the long chain is effectively tailored by using a hypergrid or a supramolecular template; finally, Symmetry between the nanostructure and the substrate regulates the formation of both cyclic and chained products. In addition, we have looked forward to finding a universal template to regulate the topology of a wider range of nanomaterials.