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天山北坡山区流域资料稀缺,融雪径流模拟比较困难。以天山北坡的乌鲁木齐河、玛纳斯河和奎屯河流域为例,利用水文气象资料和冰雪遥感数据,建立流域融雪径流SRM模型,以2007年3—8月为模拟校准期,2005年和2006年3—8月为模拟检验期,模拟3个资料稀缺山区流域融雪日径流,检验模拟结果和模型的有效性,评价SRM模型在资料稀缺流域的适用性。结果表明:3个流域SRM模型融雪径流模拟具有比较好的模拟效果。在模拟校准期间,3个流域R2平均值为0.85,D_V平均值为9.42%,模拟精度比较高;在模拟检校期,2006年3个流域R~2平均值为0.72,D_V平均值为13.3%,2005年R~2平均值为0.78,D_V平均值为4.85%,表明3个流域SRM模型的参数估算合理,建立的SRM模型是有效的,SRM模型在天山北坡的资料稀缺山区流域融雪径流模拟中具有其适用性。
The northern slopes of Tianshan mountainous area are scarce and snowmelt runoff simulation is more difficult. Taking the Urumqi River, Manas River and Kuitun River Watershed on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain as an example, the snowmelt runoff SRM model was established by using hydrological and meteorological data and snow and ice remote sensing data. The simulation period from March to August in 2007 was simulated, and in 2005 and 2006 The period from March to August of year was simulated test period, and snowmelt daily runoff was simulated in 3 scarce mountainous areas. The simulation results and the validity of the model were tested to evaluate the applicability of SRM in scarce watershed. The results show that the snowmelt runoff simulation of SRM model in three drainage basins has a good simulation effect. During the simulation calibration period, the average R2 of three watersheds was 0.85, the average of D_V was 9.42%, and the simulation accuracy was relatively high. During the simulated calibration period, the average of R ~ 2 in three watersheds in 2006 was 0.72, and the average of D_V was 13.3 %. The average of R ~ 2 was 0.78 and the average of D_V was 4.85% in 2005, which indicated that the parameters of SRM model in three drainage basins were estimated reasonably. The established SRM model was effective. The SRM model was scarce in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, Runoff simulation has its applicability.