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目的分析某煤矿集团工人的尘肺潜伏期、发病年龄、接尘工龄状况和脱尘情况等,探讨不同工作环境、工作岗位对煤矿工人健康的影响。方法查阅1990-2010年由职业病诊断机构初次确诊,并记录入档的尘肺患者资料,将符合标准的资料进行数据分析。结果 1990-2010年间累计确诊尘肺病1589例,其中,掘进工人病例最多,达866例。脱尘组病例974例,脱尘组罹患尘肺病的掘进工人的潜伏期小于辅助工和采煤工,发病年龄小于采煤工和混合工,其潜伏期和发病年龄在不同工种间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);未脱尘组罹患尘肺病的掘进工人的潜伏期小于混合工和辅助工(P<0.01),且其发病年龄在四个工种最小,其潜伏期和发病年龄在不同工种间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同脱尘情况的不同工作岗位工人职业性尘肺病例特征不同;该煤矿集团,不同工种的工人中掘进工人的健康损害较大。
Objective To analyze the latent period of pneumoconiosis, the age of onset of pneumoconiosis, the working conditions of dust collection and dust removal of workers in a coal mine group, and discuss the influence of different working conditions and jobs on the health of coal miners. Methods The data of patients with pneumoconiosis who were diagnosed by the occupational disease diagnosis institution from 1990 to 2010 and recorded in the file were collected and analyzed according to the standard data. Results A total of 1589 cases of pneumoconiosis were diagnosed between 1990 and 2010, among which the number of tunneling workers was the highest, reaching 866 cases. There were 974 cases of de-dusting group, and the incubation period of pneumoconiosis-laden digging workers in the dedusting group was less than that of helpers and coal miners. The age of onset was less than that of coal miners and mixed workers. The differences of incubation period and incubation age among different types of work were statistically (P <0.05). Inclined workers with pneumoconiosis had a lower latency than mixed workers and helpers (P <0.01), and their age of onset was the smallest among the four trades. The incubation period and age were different among different trades The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis among workers in different jobs are different in different dust removal conditions. The health damage of workers in different types of workers in this coal mine group is greater.