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【目的】调查学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)发生情况,探讨家庭环境与ADHD发生的关系。【方法】采取问卷调查和专家访谈相结合的方式,调查山东省滨州市2 136名4~5岁儿童ADHD患病情况;应用自编家庭环境问卷对患儿家庭环境进行测评。【结果】1)ADHD患病率:总患病率为5.85%,其中男童检出率为7.34%(84/1 145),女童检出率为4.14%(41/991),男童检出率明显高于女童(χ2=9.87,P<0.01);2)家庭环境:单亲或重组家庭、家庭成员间关系紧张、父母经常在家庭中使用暴力、父亲有不良嗜好是ADHD发生的危险因素;父亲文化程度高是保护因素。儿童不同居住地之间、独生子女与非独生子女之间、母亲不同受教育程度之间,其儿童ADHD患病率差异均无统计学意义。【结论】ADHD患病率为5.85%,男童检出率高于女童;不良家庭环境在儿童ADHD的发生中起一定作用。
【Objective】 To investigate the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children and to explore the relationship between family environment and ADHD. 【Methods】 A total of 2 136 ADHD children aged 4-5 years in Binzhou, Shandong Province were investigated by means of a combination of questionnaires and expert interviews. Family environment questionnaire was used to evaluate the family environment of children. 【Results】 1) Prevalence of ADHD: The overall prevalence rate was 5.85%. Among them, the detection rate of boys was 7.34% (84/1 145), the detection rate of girls was 4.14% (41/991) (Χ2 = 9.87, P <0.01); 2) family environment: single or recombinant family, the relationship between family members, parents often use violence in the family, father has bad hobby is a risk factor for ADHD ; Father’s high education level is a protective factor. There was no significant difference in children’s prevalence of ADHD among children living in different places, only children and non-only children, and mothers with different education levels. 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of ADHD is 5.85%, the detection rate of boys is higher than that of girls; and the bad family environment plays a role in the occurrence of ADHD in children.