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目的 了解成都市市区学龄前期儿童伤害发生现况 ,探讨伤害发生的原因及减少伤害发生的干预措施。方法 采用整群抽样、家长回答的开放式问卷调查方法 ,调查了成都市市区 11个幼儿园 3～ 6岁儿童 1999年伤害发生的情况 ,伤害判断标准 :到医院或幼儿园医务室诊治 ,家长或老师的紧急处理 ,休息半天以上。同时必须符合下列条件 :碰伤所致的皮下血肿及皮下瘀血≥ 1cm× 1cm ,抓伤≥ 3处 ,咬伤应见有牙咬血痕。结果 2 16 5名在园儿童伤害总发生率为 2 9 2 8% ,男女发生率分别为 32 2 9%及 2 5 91% ,伤害平均发生频率为 1 5 8次。仅 5岁～组男女间差异有显著性 ,其他年龄组男女之间、不同年龄组之间的伤害发生率差异无显著性。男女前 3位均是跌伤、烧烫伤及碰伤 ,其次为车辆伤及骨头卡喉。伤害主要发生地点为家中及幼儿园内。发生伤害主要危险因素为 :走路、跑步、玩耍时被推、撞 ;重物、硬物砸伤、压伤、碰伤 ;热源及电伤 ;被刀具、棍棒、玩具、器皿划伤、戳伤等。结论 采用综合安全防范措施 ,能够减少学龄前期儿童的伤害发生
Objective To understand the prevalence of pre-school children’s injuries in urban areas of Chengdu and to explore the causes of the injuries and the interventions to reduce their occurrence. Methods The method of cluster sampling and parents’ open questionnaire survey was used to investigate the incidence of injuries in children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in 11 kindergartens in urban area of Chengdu in 1999. The criteria for the injuries were: diagnosis and treatment at the hospital or kindergarten, parents or The teacher’s emergency treatment, rest for more than half a day. At the same time, the following conditions must be met: subcutaneous hematoma due to bruising and subcutaneous bleeding ≤ 1cm × 1cm, scratching ≥ 3, biting should see a bite bleeding. Results The total number of children injured in the park was 2 9 2 8%. The incidence of males and females was 32 29% and 25 91% respectively. The average frequency of injuries was 158. Only 5-year-old group had significant differences between men and women, other age groups between men and women, the incidence of injury between different age groups was no significant difference. The top three men and women were both injured, burned and bruised, followed by vehicle injuries to the bone and card throat. The main damage occurred at home and kindergartens. The main risk factors for injury were: walking, running, being pushed and bumping while playing; heavy, hard objects hurting, crushing, bumping; heat and electric injuries; being scratched and stabbed by knives, sticks, toys and utensils Wait. Conclusion The comprehensive safety precaution measures can reduce the harm of preschool children