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目的了解天津市和平区2005-2014年学校传染病暴发疫情流行特征,为有效预防学校传染病暴发提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对和平区2005-2014年学校传染病暴发疫情资料进行统计学分析。结果和平区2005-2014年共报告学校传染病暴发疫情17起,发病514人,无死亡病例,平均罹患率为1.43%,占全区突发事件总数的80.95%;以呼吸道传染病事件为主,占82.35%,其中水痘所占比例最高共8起,占47.06%;事件集中出现在4-6月份和10-12月份;小学报告疫情起数最多共7起,占41.18%,托幼机构罹患率最高为12.23%,高于其他各类学校,学校出现暴发疫情罹患率随着学校等级的升高呈下降趋势;首例发病至事件报告时间间隔中位数为17 d,暴发疫情持续时间中位数为20 d,经检验,首例发病至报告时间间隔与疫情持续时间呈正相关。结论学校是传染病暴发疫情的高发场所,各类学校均应提高传染病防控意识,做到早期发现病例、及时上报疫情、有效落实控制措施,尽量避免传染病疫情播散。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Heping District of Tianjin from 2005 to 2014 and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention of outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of outbreaks of school infectious diseases in Heping district from 2005 to 2014. Results Heping District reported a total of 17 outbreaks of infectious diseases outbreaks in 2005-2014, including 514 deaths and no deaths. The average attack rate was 1.43%, accounting for 80.95% of the total number of emergencies in the region. The main infectious diseases were respiratory diseases , Accounting for 82.35%, among which the highest proportion of chickenpox was 8, accounting for 47.06%; the incidence was concentrated in April-June and October-December; the highest number of outbreaks reported in primary school was 7, accounting for 41.18% The highest attack rate was 12.23%, which was higher than other schools. The prevalence rate of outbreaks in schools showed a downward trend with the increase of school grade. The median time between the first incident and the incident reporting was 17 days. The outbreak duration Median of 20 d, after testing, the first case to report the time interval and the duration of the outbreak was positively correlated. Conclusions The school is a high incidence of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Schools of all kinds should raise their awareness of prevention and control of infectious diseases so that early detection of cases can be timely reported to the epidemic and effective control measures can be implemented to minimize the spread of infectious diseases.