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为了加快造林速度,提高质量和保证成活率,植苗造林的方法在林业生产中已越来越广泛地被采用。植苗造林,首先必须培育出优苗壮苗;而培育优茁壮苗,除了选好圃地等外,搞好幼苗的病虫害防治,也是关键性的工作。一、苗圃病害苗圃中目前发生最普遍且危害最大的病害,仍然是针叶树苗木的猝倒病(或称立枯病)。因引起这种病害的病原物种类繁多,计有镰刀菌,丝核菌、腐霉菌和交链孢菌等真菌菌种,而且它们都是土壤习居菌,分布广,对环境适应能力强,可在土壤中长期营腐生生活,并可形成菌核,厚垣孢子或卵孢子等特殊器官渡过不良环境。一但环境条件改善并遇到适合寄主时,立即侵染,引起发病,故很不易防除。
In order to accelerate the speed of afforestation, improve the quality and ensure the survival rate, the method of plantation and afforestation has been adopted more and more widely in forestry production. Planting and afforestation, we must first cultivate seedlings strong seedlings; and nurturing excellent seedlings, in addition to choose a good nursery, etc., to do a good job in the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests is also a key work. First, the nursery nursery nursery in the most common occurrence and the most harmful diseases, is still the damping-off disease coniferous trees (or blight). Due to the variety of pathogens causing this disease, there are Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Pythium and Alternaria fungi and other fungal species, and they are soil habitat, widely distributed, adaptable to the environment, Long-term camp in the soil saprophytic life, and the formation of sclerotia, chlamydospores or oospores and other special organs through the bad environment. Once the environmental conditions improve and meet the host, immediately infected, causing disease, it is not easy to control.