李实和古斯塔夫森在《八十年代末中国贫困规模和程度的估计》《中国社会科学》一九九六年第六期）中提出，第一，在八十年代末，中国的贫困问题主要发生在农村地区，农村人口的贫困程度远高于城镇人口；第二，西部农村地区的贫困发生率远高于东中部农村地区，但是，另一方面， Li Shi and Gustafson proposed in “Estimation of the Scale and Degree of Poverty in China in the 1980s” and “Social Science in China” (Issue 6, 1996). First, in the late 1980s, China’s The problem of poverty mainly occurs in rural areas. The rural population is far more poor than the urban population. Second, the incidence of poverty in rural areas in the western part of China is much higher than that in rural areas in the central and eastern parts of China. However, on the other hand,