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目的:探讨大负荷体能训练对大学生篮球运动员细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:14名男子大学生篮球运动员进行为期16周的集训,在训练期间分次对运动员外周血淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞比值、NK细胞比例)和Th1/Th2细胞因子 mRNA表达进行检测。结果:在两次分别持续了6周的训练期后,运动员外周血CD3+淋巴细胞数于增加后出现显著下降,从第7周的峰值(59.74±7.18)下降至第16周的最低值(52.02±7.92)(P<0.001);CD8+细胞数第16周(31.15±6.25)与第3周(37.98±7.05)相比显著下降(P<0.05);NK细胞数从第7周的最高值(19.62±5.21)下降至第14周的最低值(14.41±7.93)(P<0.05);IL-4 mRNA表达训练后与基础值(6.56±0.71)相比显著增加,从第7周的7.04±0.35和第14周的7.30±0.25,直至第16周达到最大值7.36±0.45(P<0.05),其他指标的变化不具有统计学意义。结果提示,大负荷训练使运动员细胞免疫功能削弱,Th1/Th2平衡向Th2方向漂移。
Objective: To explore the impact of heavy load physical training on cellular immune function of college basketball players. Methods: Fourteen male college basketball players exercised for 16 weeks. During the training period, the levels of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD3 +, CD4 + / CD8 + lymphocyte ratio, NK cell ratio) and Th1 / Th2 cytokine mRNA expression Test. RESULTS: After two training sessions lasting 6 weeks respectively, the number of CD3 + lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the athletes dropped significantly from the peak value of 59.74 ± 7.18 in week 7 to the lowest value of week 16 (52.02 ± 7.92) (P <0.001). The number of CD8 + cells in the 16th week (31.15 ± 6.25) was significantly lower than that in the 3rd week (37.98 ± 7.05) (P <0.05) 19.62 ± 5.21) to the lowest value at the 14th week (14.41 ± 7.93) (P <0.05). Compared with the baseline value (6.56 ± 0.71), IL-4 mRNA expression increased significantly from 7.04 ± 0.35 and 7.30 ± 0.25 in the 14th week, reached the maximum of 7.36 ± 0.45 in the 16th week (P <0.05). The other indexes did not change statistically. The results suggest that high-load training weakened the cellular immune function of athletes and shifted the balance of Th1 / Th2 to Th2.