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【目的】随着气候和生态环境的变化,近年来草原虫害发生日趋复杂,突发性、暴发性虫灾增多,对草原生态造成了极大破坏,而目前有关宁夏草原主要害虫的基础生物学和生态学特性研究尚属空白,制约了草原害虫监测防控工作的有效开展。【方法】以宁夏典型草原上严重发生的白纹雏蝗Chorthippus albonemus Cheng et Tu为研究对象,通过室内饲养和田间调查相结合,采用笼罩供食法,系统开展其生活史、食性及温度对其生长发育的影响等观察和试验研究。【结果】在宁夏典型草原上,白纹雏蝗越冬虫卵每年有两次孵化期,首批越冬虫卵4月中下旬开始孵化,5月中下旬达到第1次孵化高峰期,6月下旬至7月上旬逐步羽化为成虫后随即交配产卵,此时间段的白纹雏蝗称为“夏蝗”;第2批越冬虫卵7月中下旬开始孵化,8月中下旬达到第2次孵化高峰期,9月中下旬羽化为成虫交配产卵,此时间段的白纹雏蝗称为“秋蝗”;白纹雏蝗嗜食长茅草,喜食赖草,少食星毛委陵菜、阿尔泰狗哇花、达乌里胡枝子和稗草,偶食冷蒿和猪毛蒿;日食量和近似消化力均随着龄期的增长而增大,且雌成虫的日食量和近似消化力比雄成虫大;高温和低温均不利于白纹雏蝗生长发育,若虫在13℃温度下不能蜕皮发育,成虫在18℃温度下不能交配产卵。在18~33℃的温度范围内,各龄期的发育历期均随着温度的升高而缩短。在温度相差15℃的情况下,18℃白纹雏蝗各龄若虫的发育历期是33℃下的3.09~4.93倍。【结论】掌握了白纹雏蝗的生活史和食性特点,明确了其发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温等生态学特性,进一步分析了温度对其生长发育的影响,为进一步揭示害虫的发生规律,有效开展其监测预报及防控技术提供依据。
【OBJECTIVE】 With the change of climate and ecological environment, the occurrence of grassland pests in recent years has become more and more complicated. The sudden and sudden increase of pest and disease caused great damage to the grassland ecology. At present, the basic biology of major pests in the grassland of Ningxia The study of ecological characteristics is still blank, which restricts the effective prevention and control of grassland pests. 【Method】 Chorthippus albonemus Cheng et Tu, a serious occurrence on the typical steppe of Ningxia, was selected as the research object. Through the combination of indoor feeding and field investigation, the method of shroud feeding was used to systematically investigate its life history, diet and temperature Growth and development of the impact of observation and experimental study. 【Result】 On the typical grassland of Ningxia, the overwintering eggs of T. chinensis hatched twice each year. The first batch of overwintering eggs began to hatch in the middle and late April, reached the first peak of hatch in mid-to late May, To early July gradually emergence into adults immediately after mating and oviposition, this time period of the white-fronted Chuxian called “summer locust”; the second batch of overwintering eggs in mid-late start hatching in mid to late August 2 hatching peak, mid-late September fecundity for adult mating spawning, this time period of the white-fronted Chuxian called “Autumn Locust”; Chrysolophus Whitegrass eat long thatch grass, eat lei grass, eat less star anise Potentilla, Altai dog wow, dawley Lespedeza and barnyardgrass, couple Artemisia frigida and Artemisia trichocarpa; eclipse amount and approximate digestibility increased with age, and the female adult eclipse amount And similar digestibility than male adult; high temperature and low temperature are not conducive to the growth and development of Chrysolophus amurensis, nymphs can not molting at 13 ℃ temperature, adult temperature at 18 ℃ can not mate eggs. In the temperature range of 18 ~ 33 ℃, the developmental period of each age was shortened with the increase of temperature. In the case of temperature difference of 15 ℃, the developmental history of each instar nymphs at 18 ℃ was 3.09 ~ 4.93 times at 33 ℃. 【Conclusion】 The life history and feeding characteristics of Chrysolophus pictus were grasped, and their ecological characteristics such as developmental period, developmental starting temperature and effective accumulated temperature were clarified. The effects of temperature on their growth and development were further analyzed. The occurrence of regular, effective monitoring and forecasting and prevention and control technology to provide the basis.