转型中国改革深度推进的现实呼唤公平正义,而社会公平正义需要依法治国的保障。从经济哲学的视角反思,可以发现公平正义与依法治国问题凸显的深层次原因与市场、资本和权力三个重要因素密切关联。具体而言,市场“脱嵌”于社会导致两极分化;资本的“脱域性”造成现代性悖论;权力界限模糊面临权力是否可持续和社会是否能健康之双重考验。因此,处理好市场与政府的辩证关系、积极扬弃资本逻辑悖论以培育公民精神、廓清权力界限并对反贪防腐常抓不懈,是社会公平正义和依法治国的实现路径。 The reality of the transformation of China’s deepening reform calls for fairness and justice, while social fairness and justice require the guarantee of governing the country according to law. Reflecting from the perspective of economic philosophy, we can find that the deep-seated reasons for the issue of fairness and justice and governing the country according to law are closely linked to the three important factors of market, capital and power. In particular, the market “de-embedding” leads to polarization in society; the “de-regionality” of capital leads to the paradox of modernity; and the boundary of power blurring to the double test of the sustainability of power and the health of society. Therefore, handling the dialectical relationship between the market and the government, actively abandoning the logic paradox of capital so as to foster the spirit of the citizens, clarifying the boundaries of power and constantly grasping the anti-corruption work is the path to achieving social fairness and justice and governing the country according to law.