目的探讨脑出血时脑小动脉、微动脉病变的分布与严重的程度。方法对４２例脑出血及２０例对照病例不同脑区的小动脉、微动脉进行病理观察，同时对动脉的面积比值、壁厚比值、肌层细胞与肌层面积的比值做了形态定量分析。结果（１）脑出血组小动脉、微动脉的面积比值显著减少（Ｐ＜００１，Ｐ＜００５）。（２）脑出血组小动脉、微动脉的壁厚比值显著增加（Ｐ＜００１，Ｐ＜００５）。（３）脑出血组小动脉肌层细胞与肌层面积的比值显著减少（Ｐ＜００１），但两组间微动脉肌层细胞与肌层面积的比值，差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞００５）。结论脑出血患者不同脑区的小动脉、微动脉都存在管壁明显增厚及管腔明显狭窄的病理改变，而且小动脉肌层的平滑肌细胞有严重的变性与坏死，这些病变不但是脑出血也是腔隙性脑梗塞发病的重要病理基础之一 Objective To investigate the distribution and severity of cerebral arterioles and arterioles in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods The pathological changes of arterioles and arterioles were observed in 42 cases of cerebral hemorrhage and 20 cases of control. The ratio of artery area, wall thickness ratio and the ratio of myometrial area to muscular layer area were analyzed quantitatively. Results (1) The area ratio of arterioles and arterioles in ICH group was significantly decreased (P <001, P <005). (2) The ratios of wall thickness of arterioles and arterioles in ICH group were significantly increased (P <001, P <005). (3) The ratio of myofascial myometrial cells to myometrial area in ICH group was significantly decreased (P <001), but there was no significant difference in the ratio of myometrial myometrium to myometrium area between the two groups (P> 0  05). Conclusions There are pathological changes in the arterioles and arterioles of different cerebral regions in patients with cerebral hemorrhage with thickening of the wall and obvious stenosis of the lumen. In addition, the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles of the arterioles have severe degeneration and necrosis. These lesions are not only cerebral hemorrhage Is also one of the important pathological basis of the pathogenesis of lacunar infarction