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长江口是我国南北水道的中枢第一大港的所在地,也是我国内外贸易海上运输的主要通道。长江口迳流量大,潮流亦强,在两股强劲动力的相互作用下,构成长江口有规律的分汊。整个长江口平面呈喇叭状,而其河口的形态为一宽展的平面扇形三角洲。目前长江口由外海进入上海港及长江沿岸各港口的通海水道有四条,即南港北槽、南港南槽,南港江亚南槽和北港。全长45公里的南港北槽航道是长江口的主要航道。在北槽上段有16公里的人工挖槽,挖槽底宽250米,维护水深7.0米;在圆圆沙处有3.0公里人工挖槽,底宽250米,维护水深7.3米,大型重载船舶几乎都是自北槽进口。南港北槽航道上的二段人工维护的航槽都是用4500方耙吸式挖泥船维护至7.0米水深。
The mouth of the Yangtze River is the site of the first big port of China’s North-South Waterway and the main channel of maritime transportation both inside and outside the country. The Yangtze River estuary, large flow, the trend is also strong, under the strong interaction of the two forces, the Yangtze River estuary formed a regular sub-division. The entire Yangtze River estuary plane was trumpet-like, and its estuary is a wide-spread flat fan-shaped delta. At present, there are four sea-going channels for entering the port of Shanghai and the ports along the Yangtze River from the open sea to the south, north and south, south to south, south to south to south and north to south. The 45-km long south-north channel is the main channel of the Yangtze Estuary. In the upper section of the North Trough, there are 16 kilometers of artificial digging trenches. The bottom of the trenching is 250 meters wide and the water depth is 7.0 meters. There is 3.0 kilometers of artificial trenching at the round sand, the bottom width is 250 meters and the water depth is 7.3 meters. Large heavy- Almost all imports from the North slot. The two manned navigation slots on the Nankang North Channel are all maintained to a water depth of 7.0 meters with a 4500 square trailing suction hopper dredger.