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针对豫南雨养农业区降水基本满足作物生长需求但年内和年际间分配不均、土壤耕性差的生态实际,为解决小麦播种期和冬春干旱以及改善耕层水、肥、气、热等因子提供理论依据。于2007—2015年,在豫南雨养农业区进行了连续9a的大田定位试验,研究了不同耕作模式对小麦生长季土壤水分、容重、温度及冬小麦产量的影响。试验共设置6个处理:T1(传统翻耕)、T2(不覆盖/不深松+覆盖/免耕)、T3(覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕)、T4(不覆盖/深松+不覆盖/免耕)、T5(覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕)以及T6(不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕)。结果表明,(覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕)T5可以有效提高小麦播种期0~40cm土层的含水量,为麦播提供较好的水分基础,不同耕作方式处理对冬小麦越冬期和返青期土壤日平均温度影响较小,不足以对冬小麦发育进程产生影响。(覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕)T5能够有效降低耕层0~20cm和0~40cm的土壤容重。覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕处理的前3a,冬小麦产量较对照有所降低,从第4年开始较对照增产,2011—2015年增产幅度分别为2.02%、2.83%、10.93%、5.88%、1.97%。以上结果表明,通过T5(覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕)的简耕覆盖技术可以有效利用降水资源、培肥地力,提高产量,具有节本增效的作用。
In order to solve the problem of wheat sowing period, winter and spring drought and improvement of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the rainfed farming area of southern Henan, precipitation basically meets the demand of crop growth but unevenly distributed during the year and year, And other factors provide a theoretical basis. In 2007-2015, continuous 9-year field experiment was conducted in rain-fed farming area of southern Henan Province to study the effects of different tillage patterns on soil moisture, bulk density, temperature and winter wheat yield during the growing season. Totally, six treatments were set in the experiment: T1 (conventional tillage), T2 (uncovered / not subsoiling + cover / no tillage), T3 (covered / not subsoaked + uncovered / no tillage), T4 Pine + uncovered / no tillage), T5 (covered / subsoiling + covered / no tillage) and T6 (uncovered / not submerged + returned / tillage). The results showed that (covering / subsoiling + covering / no tillage) T5 could effectively increase the water content of 0-40 cm soil layer in wheat sowing period, provide better moisture basis for sowing, The average daily temperature of soil had little effect on the development of winter wheat. (Cover / Subsoiling + Cover / No Tillage) T5 can effectively reduce soil bulk density of 0-20 cm and 0-40 cm of topsoil. Compared with the control, the yield of winter wheat in the first three years was lower than that of the control. The yield of winter wheat increased from the fourth year to the second and reached 2.02%, 2.83%, 10.93% and 5.88% respectively from 2011 to 2015, , 1.97%. The above results show that through T5 (covering / subsoiling + cover / no tillage) simple tillage covering technology can effectively use the precipitation resources, fertilize the land, increase production, with the effect of cost-effective.