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目的掌握广东省土源性线虫病的流行动态和流行规律。方法以分层整群随机抽样法在广东省的东南西北中5个县(市)各抽取1个行政村作为监测点。连续两年以Kato-Katz法检查肠道蠕虫卵,12周岁以下儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵。结果 2008年监测4 794人,人群土源性线虫感染率为11.06%,蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率分别为1.34%、3.84%和2.15%,儿童蛲虫感染率为28.74%;2009年监测4 436人,人群土源性线虫感染率为7.89%,蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率分别为0.88%、2.14%和1.74%;儿童蛲虫感染率为24.80%。高州市两年感染率均最高,兴宁市感染率最低,其中高州和陆丰两地两年感染率均高于平均感染率。两年不同地区间感染率的比较差异均具有统计学意义(2008年χ2=292.99,P<0.001;2009年χ2=292.99,P<0.001),每年各地区间进行两两比较,除2009年始兴与陆丰外(P>0.05),其它的差异都具有统计学意义(P<0.001或P<0.05)。同一地区人群土源性线虫前后两年总感染率的比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中蛲虫各地区前后两年感染率的比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论广东省人群土源性线虫感染率总体呈下降趋势,但不同地区间感染率差异较大,儿童蛲虫感染率仍较高,今后制定综合防治措施时应考虑到这些因素影响。
Objective To understand the epidemiology and prevalence of soil-borne nematodes in Guangdong Province. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select one administrative village from 5 counties (cities) in southeast, northwest and north of Guangdong Province as monitoring points. For two consecutive years, the Kato-Katz method was used to examine intestinal worm eggs. Children under 12 years of age were tested for emesis by translucent adhesive tape anal swabs. Results The infection rate of soil-borne nematodes was 11.06% in 2008, and the infection rates of roundworm, hookworm and whipworm were 1.34%, 3.84% and 2.15%, respectively. The prevalence of pinworm in children was 28.74% The prevalence of soil-borne nematodes was 7.89%. The infection rates of roundworm, hookworm and whipworm were 0.88%, 2.14% and 1.74% respectively. The prevalence of pinworm in children was 24.80%. The infection rates of Gaozhou were the highest in two years and the lowest in Xingning, of which the infection rates in two years in Gaozhou and Lufeng were both higher than the average infection rate. The differences in infection rates between different regions in two years were statistically significant (χ2 = 292.99 in 2008, P <0.001; χ2 = 292.99 in 2009, P <0.001) Lufeng outside (P> 0.05), the other differences were statistically significant (P <0.001 or P <0.05). The total infection rates of soil-borne nematodes in the same area before and after two years were statistically significant (P <0.01). The infection rates of the two species in each area were statistically significant difference (P <0.01). Conclusion The population infection rate of soil-borne nematodes in Guangdong Province generally shows a downward trend. However, the infection rates in different regions are quite different, and the prevalence of pinworm in children is still high. Therefore, the impact of these factors should be taken into consideration when formulating comprehensive prevention and treatment measures in future.