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莎剧《威尼斯商人》中,夏洛克的败诉反映了当时人们对“不含血的肉”的观念的普遍认同,或者说集体无意识的默许,其中隐含了文艺复兴时期西方身体观的重大转变。在西方文化中,随着现代人体解剖术的出现和发展,传统的血肉相通的身体观逐渐让位于为血肉分离的身体观。这种转变在包罗万象的莎士比亚作品中留下了大量的文本踪迹,其中既有“四体液说”和放血疗法的明确话语,也有维萨里《人体的构造》的影响和哈维血液循环说的先声,而鲍西亚扭转剧情的判决则成为两种身体观的象征性分界。
In Shakespeare’s “The Merchant of Venice,” Sherlock’s defeat reflects the widespread acceptance of the notion of “bloodless meat” or the unconscious collective acquiescence of the time, implicit in the Renaissance Western concept of body A major change. In Western culture, with the advent and development of modern human anatomy, the traditional flesh-and-blood relationship of the body gradually gives way to the concept of physical separation for the flesh and blood. This shift leaves a large amount of textual traces in an all-encompassing Shakespearean work, including the explicit discourse of “four-body fluid” and bloodletting therapy, the influence of “body structure” of Visari and the blood circulation of Harvey Said the first sound, and the judgment of the Paucia to reverse the plot has become the symbolic demarcation of the two kinds of body concept.