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虽然有许多新的抗菌药物问世和耐药细菌出现,但是,青霉素仍是耳鼻喉科感染的最重要而常用的抗菌药物。氯霉素是最早发现的真正的广谱抗生素,虽因有严重的副作用而遭冷遇,但在病情危及生命时,依然是被选用的药物。本文将叙述这两种药物及其应用的适应证和禁忌证。【青霉素】临床应用的各种青霉素均可供耳鼻喉科使用,发展中的新的衍生物有许多特殊优点。使用者中约5％有过敏反应,以药疹为最常见。虽然这种皮疹可用抗组胺药物治愈,但常需停用青霉素。过敏反应严重者可致命。过敏多在肠道外给药后发生,因此能用口服制剂更好,尤其是对门诊的病人。
Although many new antimicrobials are available and resistant bacteria appear, penicillin remains the most important and commonly used antimicrobial agent for ENT infections. Chloramphenicol is the earliest real broad-spectrum antibiotic that has been found to be cold despite severe side effects, but is still the drug of choice when it is life-threatening. This article will describe the indications and contraindications for these two drugs and their applications. Penicillin Various penicillins for clinical use are available for use in otolaryngology and new derivatives under development have many special advantages. About 5% of users have allergic reactions, with drug eruptions being the most common. Although this rash can be cured with antihistamines, it is often necessary to discontinue penicillin. Severe allergic reactions can be fatal. More allergies occur after parenteral administration and therefore can be better with oral preparations, especially for outpatients.