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我们几乎不可能给文化和自然下精确的定义,而且也没有这个必要。我们可以在两个意义上谈论文化,在其最宽泛的意义上,文化指人类所有思想、行为和活动结果的总和。在其核心意义上,文化就指教化或者人化。对自然的理解也是如此。在最宽泛的意义上,自然指宇宙万物的总和,即大自然。在其基本意义上,自然指事物自成其是,不受外来的干预。谈及文化与自然的关系,人们首先想到的是它们的冲突;而谈及它们之间的冲突,人们首先想到的是人与大自然的冲突。但自然与文化的冲突不仅发生在人与大自然之间,而且发生在人类自身身上,即发生在人的精神与肉体、理性和感性之间。而且,冲突并非文化与自然唯一的关系,它们真正的关系不是冲突而是和谐。正是在这个意义上,美学才具有其价值。
It is almost impossible for us to define exactly what culture and nature are, and there is no such need. We can talk about culture in two senses. In its broadest sense, culture refers to the sum of all human thoughts, actions and activities. In its core sense, culture refers to enlightenment or humanization. The same is true of understanding of nature. In the broadest sense, nature refers to the sum of all things in the universe, nature. In its basic sense, nature refers to things as themselves, free from external interference. When it comes to the relationship between culture and nature, people first think about their conflicts. When talking about the conflicts between them, people first think of the conflicts between man and nature. However, the conflict between nature and culture takes place not only between man and nature, but also on human beings themselves, that is, between man’s spirit and body, rationality and sensibility. Moreover, conflicts are not the only relations between culture and nature. Their real relationship is not conflict but harmony. It is in this sense that aesthetics have their value.