从古希腊罗马时期开始 ,思想家们便对公正问题给予了极大关注 ,并进行了不懈的探索。其中 ,以苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德等人的有关论述最具代表性。近代学者对于天赋人权、社会契约、自由、平等等学说进行了充分的论证 ,将公正问题的探讨提升到了一个更高的层面。在现当代 ,学者把公正问题研究全面地向前推进了一大步 ,使之逐渐成为人文社会科学界里的显学。在现当代西方的公正研究领域当中 ,分别以罗尔斯和诺齐克的学说最具有代表性 Since ancient Greece and Rome, thinkers have given great attention to the issue of justice and have made unremitting explorations. Among them, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and others are most representative of the discussion. Modern scholars have fully demonstrated the doctrines of natural rights, social contract, freedom and equality, and raised the issue of fairness to a higher level. In modern and contemporary times, scholars have made a big leap forward in the study of justice in an all-round way, making it gradually become an obvious learning in the humanities and social sciences. In the field of just research in the contemporary West, the theories of Rawls and Nozick are the most representative