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【摘要】文章通过一堂英语写作课浅谈提纲式英语作文的写作步骤和技巧的训练。提纲式书面表达是高考英语作文的主要考查形式之一。除了作者的语言综合运用能力以外,更重要的是,提纲式作文能够考查出作者是否具备不拘泥于材料的灵活思维。
【关键词】审题 收集资料 列出提纲 扩展成文
One English writing class
Chen Beiyu
【Abstract】Through one English writing class, the author in this article has made a simple talk about the writing step and skill of the syllabus-type English writing. The syllabus-type written expression is one of the examining forms in the English entrance examination for college. Except for the writer’s general ability to use words, what is more important is that the syllabus-type composition can examine whether the writer has the flexible thought.
【Keywords】Examining topicCollecting informationListing syllabusExpanding to be a article
1.审题、收集资料。首先,作文的选材和写作题目既要符合新课标的要求,注意文化意识的渗透,也要与时代同步,与中国国情相吻合。因此,在平常的训练中,我尽量收集一些高中生感兴趣的话题,以便激发学生的学习兴趣。例如这次,我的作文题目是:
飞人刘翔
信息:1983年7月13日出生于上海。
身高1.88米;体重75公斤。
2000年8月加入国家队。
2004年雅典奥运会上以12.91秒的成绩赢得110米跨栏冠军。
喜欢上网和唱歌。
2008年北京奥运会上,你对刘翔有什么样的期待?
题目一出,立刻引起了大家的兴趣。我给同学们五分钟讨论的时间,让他们在审题的同时,互相收集关于刘翔的一些其它信息,以便适当地添加在作文中。
2.列出提纲。我要求大家先将黑板上的中文信息译成英文句子。找几个同学把自己翻译的句子念出来,抓住有代表性的,然后当场给予讲评。以前两句为例:
LiuXiang was born in Shanghai on July 13,1983. He is 1.88 meters tall and weighs 75 kilograms.(我的评语是:简单句垒砌,写作技能不高,无加分因素)
LiuXiang was born in Shanghai on July 13,1983 and he is 1.88 meters tall and weighs 75 kilograms.(并列句表达,句子之间的关系较前紧密)
Born in Shanghai on July 13,1983, LiuXiang is 1.88 meters tall and weighs 75 kilograms.(运用非谓语动词短语凝结全句,较好)
Born in Shanghai on July 13,1983, LiuXiang, the Olympic and world champion, is 1.88 meters tall and weighs 75 kilograms.(运用同位语结构,对主语补充说明,不拘泥于中文提纲,好)
总结:Born in Shanghai on July 13,1983, LiuXiang, the Olympic and world champion, is of tall stature with the height of 1.88 meters and with the weight of 75 kilograms.
通过这个讲评过程,同学们不但开动脑筋积极思维,活跃了课堂气氛,增加了对英文写作的兴趣,而且通过黑板上呈现出的五个例句,清晰地、直观地感受到了什么是较复杂的句子结构。课堂上对句子的讲评不需要逐句进行,只需要找出最具特点的就行了。这个过程需要大概15到20分钟。
3.扩展成文。扩展成文是审题、列出提纲的最终目的,需要根据句与句之间的逻辑意义,调整顺序或适度增删,才能做到表达上的文理通顺、脉络清晰。就这篇文章,先让大家讨论它的写作顺序,同学们一致认为可以以时间为线索。确立了作文层次后,提醒大家注意过渡词、时态、主谓一致、名词有无复数、冠词的有无以及大小写、标点是否恰当等问题。用剩余的时间完成作文。我的学生用这种方式写的习作附在文后。
4.结语。《新课标》对中学英语教学,尤其是写作教学,提出了更具体、更全面、更高的要求,特别强调语言能力和语言应用能力的协调发展。笔者认为,在写作教学活动中,教学双方要深刻理解《新课标》对英语写作的新要求,既要重视把握写作的步骤和技巧,如审题、收集资料、列出提纲、扩展成文、检查修改和定稿等,还应介绍有关文体方面的基础知识,让学生逐步掌握常见体裁的语篇模式及写作技巧。只有坚持多写、多读、多练,才能写出内容充实、语言丰富、文字优美、行文连贯、过渡自然、表达地道、语域恰当的好文章,才能逐步提高学生书面表达能力,以适应高考的要求。
附学生习作:
Air Liu
Born in Shanghai on July 13, 1983, LiuXiang, the Olympic and world champion, is of tall stature with the height of 1.88 meters and with the weight of 75 kilograms. As an excellent athlete, he had played about one year for Shanghai Team before he was chosen to be trained in the National Youth Team in August, 2000. During his study in Huanan Normal University, he took part in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games and rose to fame as he took the gold medal in 110-meter hurdle race in a world-record tying time of 12.91 seconds. The Shanghaier has become China’s No.1 sports star since. In common with most young people, he enjoys singing and going on the Internet in his spare time. As one of his greatest fans, I hope he will show us a more fantastic Air Liu in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
参考文献
1 陈东旭.《2007金太阳考案》.吉林文史出版社
2 张立新、陈北瑜.《五年高考三年模拟》.2007B版.北京:首都师范大学出版社
3 王月娥.《高中英语分级写作大全》.世界图书出版公司
【关键词】审题 收集资料 列出提纲 扩展成文
One English writing class
Chen Beiyu
【Abstract】Through one English writing class, the author in this article has made a simple talk about the writing step and skill of the syllabus-type English writing. The syllabus-type written expression is one of the examining forms in the English entrance examination for college. Except for the writer’s general ability to use words, what is more important is that the syllabus-type composition can examine whether the writer has the flexible thought.
【Keywords】Examining topicCollecting informationListing syllabusExpanding to be a article
1.审题、收集资料。首先,作文的选材和写作题目既要符合新课标的要求,注意文化意识的渗透,也要与时代同步,与中国国情相吻合。因此,在平常的训练中,我尽量收集一些高中生感兴趣的话题,以便激发学生的学习兴趣。例如这次,我的作文题目是:
飞人刘翔
信息:1983年7月13日出生于上海。
身高1.88米;体重75公斤。
2000年8月加入国家队。
2004年雅典奥运会上以12.91秒的成绩赢得110米跨栏冠军。
喜欢上网和唱歌。
2008年北京奥运会上,你对刘翔有什么样的期待?
题目一出,立刻引起了大家的兴趣。我给同学们五分钟讨论的时间,让他们在审题的同时,互相收集关于刘翔的一些其它信息,以便适当地添加在作文中。
2.列出提纲。我要求大家先将黑板上的中文信息译成英文句子。找几个同学把自己翻译的句子念出来,抓住有代表性的,然后当场给予讲评。以前两句为例:
LiuXiang was born in Shanghai on July 13,1983. He is 1.88 meters tall and weighs 75 kilograms.(我的评语是:简单句垒砌,写作技能不高,无加分因素)
LiuXiang was born in Shanghai on July 13,1983 and he is 1.88 meters tall and weighs 75 kilograms.(并列句表达,句子之间的关系较前紧密)
Born in Shanghai on July 13,1983, LiuXiang is 1.88 meters tall and weighs 75 kilograms.(运用非谓语动词短语凝结全句,较好)
Born in Shanghai on July 13,1983, LiuXiang, the Olympic and world champion, is 1.88 meters tall and weighs 75 kilograms.(运用同位语结构,对主语补充说明,不拘泥于中文提纲,好)
总结:Born in Shanghai on July 13,1983, LiuXiang, the Olympic and world champion, is of tall stature with the height of 1.88 meters and with the weight of 75 kilograms.
通过这个讲评过程,同学们不但开动脑筋积极思维,活跃了课堂气氛,增加了对英文写作的兴趣,而且通过黑板上呈现出的五个例句,清晰地、直观地感受到了什么是较复杂的句子结构。课堂上对句子的讲评不需要逐句进行,只需要找出最具特点的就行了。这个过程需要大概15到20分钟。
3.扩展成文。扩展成文是审题、列出提纲的最终目的,需要根据句与句之间的逻辑意义,调整顺序或适度增删,才能做到表达上的文理通顺、脉络清晰。就这篇文章,先让大家讨论它的写作顺序,同学们一致认为可以以时间为线索。确立了作文层次后,提醒大家注意过渡词、时态、主谓一致、名词有无复数、冠词的有无以及大小写、标点是否恰当等问题。用剩余的时间完成作文。我的学生用这种方式写的习作附在文后。
4.结语。《新课标》对中学英语教学,尤其是写作教学,提出了更具体、更全面、更高的要求,特别强调语言能力和语言应用能力的协调发展。笔者认为,在写作教学活动中,教学双方要深刻理解《新课标》对英语写作的新要求,既要重视把握写作的步骤和技巧,如审题、收集资料、列出提纲、扩展成文、检查修改和定稿等,还应介绍有关文体方面的基础知识,让学生逐步掌握常见体裁的语篇模式及写作技巧。只有坚持多写、多读、多练,才能写出内容充实、语言丰富、文字优美、行文连贯、过渡自然、表达地道、语域恰当的好文章,才能逐步提高学生书面表达能力,以适应高考的要求。
附学生习作:
Air Liu
Born in Shanghai on July 13, 1983, LiuXiang, the Olympic and world champion, is of tall stature with the height of 1.88 meters and with the weight of 75 kilograms. As an excellent athlete, he had played about one year for Shanghai Team before he was chosen to be trained in the National Youth Team in August, 2000. During his study in Huanan Normal University, he took part in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games and rose to fame as he took the gold medal in 110-meter hurdle race in a world-record tying time of 12.91 seconds. The Shanghaier has become China’s No.1 sports star since. In common with most young people, he enjoys singing and going on the Internet in his spare time. As one of his greatest fans, I hope he will show us a more fantastic Air Liu in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
参考文献
1 陈东旭.《2007金太阳考案》.吉林文史出版社
2 张立新、陈北瑜.《五年高考三年模拟》.2007B版.北京:首都师范大学出版社
3 王月娥.《高中英语分级写作大全》.世界图书出版公司